1765 Historical Booklet A Defence of the New England Charters by Jeremiah Dummer

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  Colonial America
  "A Defence of the New England Charters." (1765) by Jeremiah Dummer Colonial Stamp Act & Taxation Booklet
  (1765) Colonial Period, Important Booklet titled, "A Defence of the New England Charters." by Jer. Dummer, London: Printed for J. Almon in Piccadilly, with Bookplate Engraved by Nathaniel Hurd, Boston, Choice Very Fine.
  This historic 88-page Imprint is printed during a time of increasing tension and distress in Colonial American in the wake of the "Stamp Act" and Taxation imposed by Britain. Titled, "A Defence of the New-England Charters," by Jeremiah Dummer (1681-1739), has no printed date, but is know to be "1765", with that date both noted in pencil and imprinted in gold by Harvard University embossed on spine. It contains 88 pages, is complete, measuring 5" x 8", rebound in Hardcover with a "Harvard University Library" embossed in its lower left outside corner. This copy is well printed and very clean throughout, having not major detractions. It has been stamped internally by Harvard as being Gifted in 1818, also stamped on the lower left bookplate corner as officially being "released."
  It includes Israel Thorndike's personal printed Bookplate, Engraved by silversmith Nathaniel Hurd, of Boston, placed on the inside cover of this 1818 gift to Harvard from Israel Thorndike, then later deaccessioned and released. (See stamp on bookplate.)
  This Imprint is said to be, "An incredibly important work that argues on behalf of the New England colonies." It was first published in 1721 and also during the Revolutionary War. This example was published in-between. It is an argument against a proposed bill to annul the Charters. New England at that time consisted of Mass Bay and the provinces of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. Its author, Jeremiah Dummer was born in 1681 and died in 1739. His grandfather was one of the very first families to settle in New England. His father was the famous Colonial Silversmith Jeremiah Dummer, Senior. The Dummer who wrote this Pamphlet graduated from Harvard in 1699 and received a doctorate from University of Utrecht in 1703. He was an "Agent for the Province of Massachusetts Bay" from 1710 to 1721 and after that an "Agent for Connecticut". The towns of Dummer, New Hampshire and Dummerston, Vermont, plus the Governor Dummer Academy, are all named after him.
  Jeremiah Dummer (1681 - 1739) was an important Colonial figure for New England in the early 18th century. His most significant contributions to American history were his book "A Defense of the New England Charters" and his role in the formation of Yale College.
  Jeremiah Dummer's family history can be traced back to the Dummer village in England in the 12th century.
  Dummer's grandfather, Richard Dummer, was the first in the family to settle in New England, in Newbury, Massachusetts in 1635. Richard had five children in Newbury by his second wife, Francis Burr Dummer. Richard's son, Jeremiah Dummer, Sr., was a prominent Colonial craftsman and one of the original Silversmiths born in the Americas. In 1672, he married Anna Atwater. Jeremiah Jr., the sixth of their nine children, was born in Boston in 1681.
  Jeremiah Jr.'s historical significance would eclipse that of his father, who has been said to have been "A man of rare versatility for the times, he learned and successfully pursued his profession of silversmith, producing pieces that today stand out in the work of the period for their dignity, simplicity, and artistic workmanship." Although Dummer's father had received little education while being raised in an agricultural setting in New England, he was able to see to it that his children were well educated.
  Arriving back in England in the fall of 1708, Dummer started an important relationship with Henry St. John (later Lord Bolingbroke), a statesman whose secret negotiations with Dummer landed him in trouble upon the death of Queen Anne in 1714. Henry St. John was disgraced and Dummer's plans for a political career in England seemed to have been dashed.
  However, Dummer soon gained an important role in the politics of his native New England. Appointed as agent for the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Dummer held this position from 1710 until 1721 and served a similar role for the colony of Connecticut. Dummer was politically aligned with a faction in Massachusetts politics that opposed the creation of a land bank in order to address the ongoing Inflationary issuance of Paper Currency.
  Upon the death of Queen Anne, the governorship of Joseph Dudley was set to expire, and land bank proponents successfully convinced the Board of Trade to appoint Colonel Elizeus Burges to the governorship. Dummer and co-agent Jonathan Belcher bribed Burges 1,000 to resign his commission without leaving England, and then proposed Colonel Samuel Shute as Dudley's successor, with Dummer's brother William as his lieutenant governor.
  Upon his removal from office, Dummer continued to help his native Massachusetts "without pay and without appointment".
  Dummer's continuing role in New England politics eventually led to his two important literary works. His first work, "A Letter to a Noble Lord concerning the late Expedition to Canada", stated reasons for the expansion into French Canada, as well as why the 1711 expedition to Quebec failed. His other publication, A Defense of the New-England Charters, was an incredibly important work that argued on behalf of the New England colonies.
  A Defense of the New England Charters was published in 1721 and defended the charters of New England, composed of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, the colony of Connecticut, Rhode Island, with Providence Plantations, and the Province of New Hampshire. Dummer's work was prompted by a proposed bill for the British House of Commons that would annul the charters of these New England colonies. Dummer sought to illustrate the colonies' loyalty to the crown and their necessity and right to a continuation of the charters with four points that he listed at the beginning of the work:
  "[First] I shall endeavor to show, that the Charter Governments have a good and undoubted Right to their respective Charters"
  "[Secondly] That they have not forfeited them by any Misgovernment or Male-Administration"
  "[Thirdly] That if they had, it would not be the Interest of the Crown to accept the Forfeitures. And,"
  "[Fourthly] I shall make some Observations upon the extraordinary Method of Proceeding against the Charters by a Bill in Parliament"
  Dummer then continued in this vein by explaining the hardships the original settlers faced and how they provided England with valuable resources and service. Dummer states, "And then the Conclusion, that I would draw from these Premises is this, That to strip the Country of their Charters after the Service has bin so successfully perform'd, is abhorrent from all Reason, Equity, and Justice."
  Dummer justifies the Colonial Charters by explaining the colonies' worth and continuing loyalty to England, ending the work with a justification for his own zealous arguments on the behalf of the colonies. He states, "Being myself a native of one of them, I could not forbear showing my good-will; for how little soever one is able to write, yet when the liberties of one's country are threaten'd, it's still more difficult to be silent."
  Dummer's work ended up being "one of the chief influences that defeated the bill" and enabled the New England colonies to keep their Charters.
  Although Jeremiah Dummer attended Harvard, his contributions to Yale cause him to be more significantly associated with the latter. During the shaky founding years of the Collegiate College in New Haven, Connecticut, Dummer was an important force in the solidification of the college's future. Serving as the colonial agent for Massachusetts and Connecticut, Dummer sought donations for the school in the form of money and books, eventually securing donations from Elihu Yale, Isaac Newton, and Richard Steele.
  Dummer's efforts improved the status of the school, providing students with the most current information on a variety of subjects. One of his biggest successes was to persuade Elihu Yale to donate a large sum of money. Dummer wrote Yale "that the business of good men is to spread religion and learning among mankind..."
  Dummer also secured 700 books for the college's library. Yale eventually agreed to aid the college and the trustees of the school commemorated Yale by renaming the Collegiate College in his honor.
  Jeremiah Dummer died an unmarried man on May 19, 1739, in Essex, England. He left instructions to the executors of his will to "invite to my funeral all such New England Gentlemen as shall be in London at the time of my decease" and to reward each with a ring of the value of 20 shillings.
  The mode with which Dummer dealt with his death reflects his crucial role in early 18th century Colonial history. He was very attached to his native New England and his most significant contribution to history was A Defense of the New-England Charters, which was revived and republished during the American Revolution by John Adams. In both his support for the colonial charters and his role in securing a college in New Haven, his dedication to New England is as important as it is often unrecognized.
  Although the college was not named for him, Dummer's persuasion of Elihu Yale's support cemented its future. Even if not directly stated, the New England colonies also had Dummer to thank for the continuation of their charters.
  _______
  Israel Thorndike (1755 - 1832). He was a Federalist and businessman who made a fortune beginning with his adventures in the China Trade. He was worth up to 1.8 million dollars when he died and when this money is adjusted for inflation he is (or was) considered one of the richest men of all time. He wielded a lot of political power, and the term "Gerrymandering" was invented in his mansion in Boston where the famous "Salamander" Map was made.
  
  
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