Historie of the Councel of Trent, 1640 

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• Lot Description
  Polano, Pietro Soaue (English transl. by Nathanael Brent). The Historie of the Councel of Trent. In Eight Bookes. In which (besides the ordinarie Acts of the Councell) are declared many notable Occurrences, which happened in Christendome, during the space of fourtie yeeres and more. And particularly, the practices of the court of Rome, to hinder the reformation of their errours, and so maintaine their greatnesse. London: printed by Robert Young and John Ravvorth for Richard Whittaker, 1640, stated 3rd edition. Large 4to, full leather with six spine bands, last two numbered pages are 878 and 881, (but the text follows fine), plus xv pp index.
  
  The Council of Trent is considered one of the most important councils convened by the Catholic Church. As the subtitles indicate, this council was convened to answer the charges of the Protestant Reformation, condemning what it considered Protestant heresies. The council met in 25 sessions in Trento (Italy), 1545-47, 1551-52, and 1559-1563, and in Bologna in 1547, under Popes Paul III, Julius III, and Pius IV. (Of note, the next ecumenical council was not convened until that called by Pope John XXIII in 1962 - so-called Vatican II. It, not surprisingly, upheld the precepts of the Council of Trent.)
  
  Among the issues addressed by Trent: Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, marriage (and the excellence of celibacy, though it refused to assert clerical celibacy as a necessity), and the denial of the right of an innocent party in divorce to remarry. The invocation of saints and veneration of relics was upheld, as was the efficacy of indulgences (although the sale thereof was prohibited). It appointed a commission to prepare a list of forbidden books, and invoked the Pope to prepare a catechism, and revised Breviary and Missal. It also maintained that when bread and wine were consecrated in the Eucharist, Christ was "really, truly, substantially present," but the bread and wine were not transformed (they used "transubstantiation," but the meaning was slightly different). Many of the abuses pointed out by Martin Luther were allowed to stand, although with some restrictions (and warnings that they could be abused). The Council also upheld the principle that the Church alone could interpret Scripture, and Luther's "justification by faith alone" was rejected (because no one could know that they had received the grace of God). It also instituted the "Gregorian calendar," in use by much of the world in civil contexts even today.
  
  Originally, representatives of the Protestants were to be included in this ecumenical council, but the representatives decided that they had no vote, and barely were given a voice. Thus no Protestant recommendations were accepted by the council, as the accusation that "Rome [was]...hinder[ing] the reformation of their errours," in order to maintain control (their "greatnesses"). So rather than convening to try to come to some agreement and thus reunify the church (which was one of the original goals), the Council widened the schism, and ultimately drove the Protestants away. 

  Condition

  Both endpages have released from the boards, the front of which is slightly warped, and the ffep has been cut out leaving a ca. half-inch tab. The rear fep is intact. Lower section of spine has chipped away, and a couple more sections are cracked. Leather is fairly dry. Corners worn. But pages are all still bound together (and interestingly, bound with a piece of a vellum page with very tiny writing wrapped around the spine which only shows because the front endpaper has separated).
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