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THBField-Printed Civil War General Orders No. 42, Jacksonville, Florida, June 1864
About Seller
6270 Este Ave.
Cincinnati , OH 45232
United States
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About Auction
LiveSep 8, 2017 - Sep 9, 2017
Cowan's Auctions dawnie@cowans.com
View Full Catalog (427)
- Lot Description
General orders printed in the field, 4.75 x 7.5 in. General Orders, No. 42, Head-Quarters, District of Florida, Jacksonville, June 21st, 1864. Orders regarding Medical Examining Board, to be three at each fort. If only one or two are present, they will compose the board. Signed in type by order of Brigadier General William Birney, M. Bailey, AAG. Signature of Major H. Allen upper right corner.
William Birney was a southerner by birth, but a strong abolitionist. He attended Yale College and spent five years studying in Europe. He enlisted in 1861 as a captain, rising through the ranks to brevet major general. The second half of the war he enlisted seven regiments of USCT and regained part of Florida for the Union. He remained in Florida through the next four years of Reconstruction before moving to Washington, DC to practice law.
During the Civil War, indeed, the entire 19th century, there was no American Medical Association. Medical education was not really standardized yet. Any person applying for a position as medical surgeon had to undergo rigorous examinations, which could last from 4 to 7 days. There were written exams, oral exams, practical exams, and the examining board could change them if they thought it necessary. Recent analysis suggests that the Civil War surgeons did an admirable job (given the circumstances), with death rates comparable to (or even a bit lower than) those in Europe in the 1850s and 1870s, in contrast to their popular characterization as "butchers." It has been suggested (if not even demonstrated), that they might have been too conservative in amputations, and might have saved even more lives had they done more of these radical surgeries.
Condition
Staple holes along left edge.
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