Ancient Western Asiatic or Achaemenid Empire, ca. 5th century BCE. A most impressive gold finial (comprised of 88% gold, equivalent to 20K+) depicting the head of a lion, with facial features finely delineated in repousse, his mouth open as if roaring and brandishing many gold granules to represent teeth and fangs, stipples on the cheeks, a double band of granules with a triangular centerpiece over the forehead, bands of granules surrounding the neck and ears, a granulated star between the ears with a blue glass inlay at the center, and on the neck, an impressive ensemble of granules arranged in zigzag, diamond, and triangular motifs. Finally, two filagreed rope-patterned bands serve as a back border. The finial is mounted to an ancient stone tubular component and set upon a museum-quality stand. Size: finial measures 1.125" L x .625" in diameter (2.9 cm x 1.6 cm); 4.125" H (10.5 cm) on included custom stand. Ceramic rod measures 5.125" L (13 cm)
The Achaemenid Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BCE (including Iran, Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, Asia Minor, Central Asia, Caucasus, Thrace and some parts of India) is generally regarded as one of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. Its capital, Pasargadae, was Cyrus the Great's final resting place and has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. To demonstrate the Achaemenid Empire's love of gold, associates of Alexander the Great in accounts of a tomb in Pasargadae, described a golden sarcophagus, necklaces, and gold gemstone earrings. The tomb is located in Pasargadae, in the garden of a royal palace where an ensemble of artifacts known as the Pasargadae Treasure - including various articles of gold and silver, jewelry and gemstones - were found in a ceramic amphora.
The Achaemenid love of silver and gold was famous throughout the ancient world. Plato wrote of how the acquisition of gold and silver was considered a virtue while Alcibiades, another Athenian, wrote of the enormous wealth in gold and silver that the Persians had. Ancient Greek writers described the impressive wealth of the Persians. To quote Herodotus when speaking of Xerxes' troops, they "were adorned with the greatest magnificence …. They glittered all over with gold, vast quantities of which they wore about their persons." (Vii. 83).
Provenance: private New York, USA collection; acquired at Palmyra Heritage auction, New York City, USA, June 10, 2017; ex The Sumer Collection, Mr. Ben Anavian, California, USA
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#145404
Condition
Minute indentations (possibly casting flaws) to chin. A few missing granules, but most are present. Normal surface wear and loss to end of stone rod to which the finial is fitted.