West Africa, Mali, Bamana (also Bambara), ca. early to mid 20th century CE. A large and magnificent male Chi Wara (Ci Wara) mask, so skillfully and extensively carved with an intricate composition and marvelous incised embellishments. Often described as an antelope, the Chi Wara is actually a composite animal – part antelope, part aardvark, and part pangolin. All of these animals are creatures that dig up the earth; while antelopes carve the ground with their hooves, the aardvark and pangolin use their claws to excavate termite mounds. This communion with the earth makes them ideal components of the Chi Wara, the supernatural being believed to have taught the Bamana people how to farm. Size: 7.75" W x 18.75" H (19.7 cm x 47.6 cm); 20.625" H (52.4 cm) on included custom stand.
Historically, such masks were worn by male and female pairs in a dance performance that praised skilled farmers. The creator of this particular mask emphasized the broad neck and mane of the roan antelope. The vertical horns resemble those of both the roan and oryx antelopes. The body, with its pronounced ears and short legs, suggests the aardvark; while the incised surfaces suggest the scales of the pangolin. A bold and breathtaking mask that demonstrates a high level of skill with its expert carving and overall beautiful composition.
Another Chi Wara headdress mask realized $47,500 at Christies, New York, May 10, 2012, Sale 2661, Lot 20.
Provenance: private Houston, Texas, USA collection, purchased from Rand Smith at Rand Smith Tribal, Denver, Colorado, USA in 2013; ex Austrian collection
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#162791
Condition
Repair to front angular element joining head to body (one piece reattached at the center). Stable fissure and nick to angular element behind it. Stable fissures to neck. Partial perforation to front horn. Perforations to ears for suspending ornaments; one of these perforations has a loss and no longer functions. Four intended perforations to integral base which is now attached to custom stand. Expected surface wear with scuffs, nicks, and abraded areas commensurate with age. One lower section of custom stand is missing, but the piece still stands in a balanced manner.