Northern Europe, Viking / Norse culture, ca. 975 to 1050 CE. A striking example of an iron sword with a dramatic guard. Viking swords had heavy, double-sided iron blades that needed to be balanced with equally heavy handles and pommels. Without the full pommel, it is difficult to exactly date the piece, but using Petersen's typology (1919), the sword appears to be a Type Z/AE. Swords of this group are characterized by a downward-curving lower guard, often tri-lobed, as here. This example probably once had an upward-curving upper guard and a dramatic pommel. Size: 3.25" W x 29.55" H (8.3 cm x 75.1 cm)
A Viking's sword was a hugely valuable object, passed down through families as an heirloom, and probably the most expensive item that a Viking could own. For example, from the hundreds of items found in Viking burials in Iceland, only sixteen are swords; they are more common in other parts of the Viking world, especially in Norway, but were still a high-status item. A sword given by King Haakon the Good (king of Norway from 934 to 961 CE) to the Icelander Hoskuldur in the Laxdaela Saga was worth a half mark of gold, or the value of sixteen dairy cows, which was a tremendous sum for the time.
Provenance: ex-private Green collection, York, United Kingdom
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#136930
Condition
Repaired at upper center of blade; repair is well done and unobtrusive. Oxidized patina overall that has been cleaned in places. Small nicks and chips to blade edge, as well as evidence for repeated sharpening that has removed some of the original edges of the blade, especially on one side. Pommel is lost. Lower guard is in nice condition with clear form.