Pre-Columbian, Central America, Panama or possibly Costa Rica, Veraguas culture, ca. 800 to 1500 CE. A large gold (86% pure, equivalent to 20K+) pendant, in the form of a raised, concave disc, its surface decorated with relief braids of gold in two bands across the center and forming a flat border around its edges. Extending from the sides, in flattened form, are four frog heads, each with two loops for suspension below them, and four crossed pairs of frog legs, giving the impression that the disc is covering four frog bodies struggling to escape. Size: 2.25" W x 2.15" H (5.7 cm x 5.5 cm); 35.5 grams
Toads and frogs are common iconography in the Pre-Columbian New World, where their tadpole-to-land-animal life cycle resulted in them becoming symbols of rebirth. Some toads were also known for their hallucinogenic secretions and toad remains are commonly found in tombs. Due to the life-giving properties of water, it seems likely that toads were also associated with fertility. These frogs may represent a shaman who harnessed the power of these animals.
The majority of gold items from ancient Central America were made to be worn, and the loops on the frog's heads of this piece give an idea of how it could be fastened. Columbus's expedition to the area - his last to the New World - included contact with the Veraguas, who, according to his records, wore them in life as well as embalming their dead and bedecking them in gold finery. He traveled with a local guide to the furthest west port of their territory, where he encountered twenty canoes manned by people wearing nothing but gold plates and a gold eagle. Fascinatingly, what most struck Columbus and his men was that these gold ornaments were worn by nearly everyone amongst the Veraguas - the leader was dressed like everyone else! Indeed, what most impressed Ferdinand Columbus, the explorer's son who had accompanied him on the mission, was the number of wives that the leader had, apparently the true indication of wealth in that society.
See a Veraguas frog pendant with a similar depiction of the animal here: https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=479016&partId=1&searchText=costa+rica+gold+frog&page=1
Provenance: ex-private West Palm Beach, Florida, USA collection
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#144001
Condition
Small casting flaw on one side of the central disc. Light encrustation on surface and slight bending to form but overall in excellent condition.