Near East or Europe, Byzantine / Early Christian Period, possibly southern Spain, ca. 6th to 7th century CE. A riveting mosaic presenting an elaborate, abstract pattern surrounding a central equal-armed cross with an inscription, all meticulously delineated in ochre, emerald, black, white, powder blue, and scarlet stone tesserae. Hypnotizingly complex, the decorative program consists of a central Greek cross with several multi-colored borders surrounded by an intricate design of concentric squares within a meander motif. The top of the mosaic is embellished with 2 lines of Greek script, which translate to, "Everything here is [the work of] Bishop Isidore / The fount of glory, the good leader." Size: 80" W x 60" H (203.2 cm x 152.4 cm)
Considering the inclusion of the central cross motif, this mosaic would have decorated a church. Its inscription is perhaps a reference to Archbishop Isidore of Seville (560 to 636 CE), who was a Spanish scholar and cleric credited with the conversion of the Arian Visigothic kings to Christianity through assimilation and the resources of education. With this in mind, this example could have once decorated a church constructed by newly-converted Visigoths, who credited Bishop Isidore with their newfound religiosity - hence stating that "everything here is [the work of] Bishop Isidore." The mosaic may have then been removed from the Visigothic church during the Umayyad conquest of Hispania of 711 CE.
Mosaics (opus tesellatum) are some of our enduring images from the Byzantine world, not only for their aesthetic beauty, but also because they reveal what Byzantine people chose to depict and see every day decorating their private and public spaces. Though evolved from Hellenistic and Roman styles, mosaics were developed into a unique and powerful form of personal and religious art under the Byzantine empire, thus exerting a strong influence on the Islamic art created in Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, as well as the Ottoman Empire.
Provenance: private East Coast collection, New York, New York, USA, acquired before 2010
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#170792
Condition
Ancient tesserae set in a honeycomb matrix. Losses to some tesserae in areas. Expected surface wear as shown, commensurate with age. Otherwise, excellent with nice remaining pigments.