Pre-Columbian, north coast of Peru, Sican / Lambayeque culture, ca. 10th to 11th century CE. A dazzling gilt copper mask presenting a traditionally rectangular visage with dangling ornaments and piercing eyes. Intended to cover the face of the deceased, the hammered-copper vizard exhibits thin, arched brows, huge, winged eyes with skewer-like projections emerging from the convex pupils, a bulbous nose with lengthy nostril adornments, an ovoid mouth, and a round chin. Giant ears fit with annular earspools flank the head, all decorated with a stippled border, while additional spangles embellish the chin, ears, and cheeks. Ornaments such as these would have caught the light of the bright sun and conveyed a sense of movement as the deceased was transported to their final resting place. Size (mask): 12.3" W x 9" H (31.2 cm x 22.9 cm); (modern display case): 19" L x 11" W x 17" H (48.3 cm x 27.9 cm x 43.2 cm); gold quality: 12.2% to 20.7%
This mask was made to adorn the body of a deceased elite member of the Sican society - gold and silver were reserved for royalty, and copper for the nobility. Sican elites were patrons of workshops that made fine metal objects like this one, and they took their wealth with them when they died. Buried in mounds, they would be entombed in high style. It is difficult to imagine just how much wealth each individual was buried with - for example, one of the few controlled excavations of a high status Sican tomb, archaeologists found 1.2 tons of grave goods inside of a 3-meter square shaft tomb that also contained a man, aged 40 to 50 alongside four sacrificial victims, two women and two children. This included vast quantities of gold, silver, and copper artifacts. The winged eyes seen on this example have been identified as a defining feature of the Sican Deity. An individual buried with such a mask would have been thought to take on aspects of the Deity's power and changed into a venerated ancestor after death.
Provenance: ex-Splendors of the World, Haiku, Hawaii, USA, before 2010
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#173414
Condition
Nose reattached with break lines visible. Piercings in some areas indicating that some dangling ornaments have been lost. Some light bending and abrasions to surface. Minor nicks to some peripheries. Otherwise, excellent with nice patina. Great preservation of original gilding and form. Accompanied by modern display case.