East Asia, Japan, Edo Period, ca. 1603 to 1868 CE. A beautiful wakizashi with a single-edged blade, a scabbard (saya) made of lacquered (urushi) wood with a silver cap (kojiri) and a gilded (23%) copper by-knife (kotagana), and a handle (tsuka) wrapped with stingray skin (same) and two copper dragon ornaments (menuki) inside cotton straps (tsuka-ito) topped with a gilded (56%) copper cap (kashira). The lobed iron hand guard (mokko tsuba) bears a singular figure among a mountainous scene and is signed "Yamashiro koku Fushimi ju Kaneie" around the blade opening. The shinogi-zukuri carbon-steel blade has a diamond-shaped (iori-mune) profile, a lightly curved (chu-kissaki) tip, and a gentle wave (notare-hamon) just above the blade edge formed by the tight-grained hammer-folding process (itame-hada). The tang is hammered with the signature, "Hizen koku junin Yoshitsugu saku." Size (w/ sheath): 2.75" W x 30" H (56.5 cm x 7 cm x 76.2 cm); length of blade: 22.25" L (56.5 cm); quality of gilding: 23% (kotagana) and 56% (kashira).
This traditional Japanese sword was both a weapon and a symbol of authority and social status. The wakizashi paired with the longer katana sword marked the wearer as a samurai. The shorter sword was seen as an auxiliary weapon, also used for fighting in close quarters. Wakizashi could also be worn by non-samurai if worn alone, and members of the merchant class (chonin) wore them because of the frequency of encountering bandits when traveling between Japan's cities.
Over the centuries that katana and wakizashi were made, the process of their manufacture became heavily regulated. For example, in 1683, the Tokugawa Shogunate made laws concerning the maximum size of katana and wakizashi. Meanwhile, once a samurai took ownership of his new weapon, he had to wear it in a highly-regulated manner. Wakizashi and katana in this period were both deadly weapons and signs of prestige. The craftsmanship of this piece is evident and reflects hundreds of hours of work.
A stylistically-similar example consisting of just the blade portion hammered for $6,875 at Christie's, New York "Legacy & Heritage: The De Guigne Collection" auction (sale 12189, March 24, 2016, lot 163): https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/a-japanese-wakizashi-sword-mid-17th-century-5973287-details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=5973287&sid=9edd4ac5-464a-44a9-9d23-279357e6ff26
Provenance: private Jones collection, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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#146848
Condition
Blade is from the Edo Period; handle, tsuba, scabbard, by-knife, and cotton wraps are all likely from a later period. Handle peg repaired from two pieces. Blade has minor nicks and abrasions to shoulder, edge, and tang, with softening to some inscribed characters of signature on tang, otherwise intact and excellent. Handle has darkening to color of wraps, sheath has minor abrasions and darkening to silver cap, and tsuba has softening to some finer details and signature. Fine patina throughout.