Central Asia, Scytho-Siberian, ca. 5th century BCE. A gorgeous, rare, iron dagger with a long, thin blade and a guard and hilt with abstract zoomorphic decorations. The guard/hilt would have been made separately from the blade and then cast together. The guard and top of hilt are also iron, but were cast onto the iron of blade and handle. The top of the hilt is a simple, elongated ovoid piece of iron. Size: 1.95" W x 16.45" H (5 cm x 41.8 cm)
The acinaces is usually 14 to 18 inches long, like this one, and is most famously associated with the Persians, who also give us the word for this type of dagger; however, like many things from the 1st millennium BCE, we associate it with the Persians because Classical authors noted its use (and the word continued to be used into the medieval period by authors in Latin to describe any weapon used by the Persians, including the scimitar). In reality, the acinaces, whatever it was called by the local population, was used throughout a vast swath of territory encompassing the eastern Mediterranean, the Near East and central Asia, by such diverse cultures as the Persians, the Parthians, the Medes, the Greeks, and the Scythians.
This particular example is from Siberia, where the people we know as the Scythians or Scytho-Siberians left behind amazing tombs full of precious metalwork. A dagger very similar but with gold plating on the guard and center of blade has been found in the royal necropolis in Tuva, in southern Siberia. As shown in artwork from the period, the Scythians wore them hanging from a belt; in Kazakhstan they wore them strapped to the leg. Although horse warfare is what the Scythians are famous for, their weapons and saddles, lacking hard stirrups, seem better suited to dismounting and melee fighting; the acinaces would have been a primary weapon in that kind of situation.
Provenance: private Tennessee, USA collection, purchased at Karabela Auctions, Vienna, Austria, 2017
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#150414
Condition
Professionally stabilized with a light coating over the surface to prevent corrosion. Dark, mottled iron patina on surface. Possible repair near the lower end of the blade, but if so, it is very well done. A few small chips and nicks from edges. Motifs on guard/hilt are visible and the overall form is well preserved.