Roman, Imperial Period, ca. 2nd to 4th century CE. A large sea-themed mosaic panel, skillfully delineated with hundreds of square stone tesserae of sienna, dove grey, charcoal, russet, and cream hues - a very tasteful palette. The composition features from left to right: two fish swimming toward the right of the composition, a multi-legged squid or octopus, a magnificent swordfish above, and two smaller fish swimming toward the left of the composition - all surrounded by a border of stylized waves in russet and cream flanked by grey linear bands. Given the aquatic theme, this piece was likely located in a Roman formal dining room (triclinium). Extravagant feasts played an important role in ancient Roman society; however, some objected to such indulgences. Interestingly, Augustus (27 BCE - 14 CE) enforced laws to put an end to gluttonous menus and excessive spending for such affairs. Nevertheless, these laws could not stop the elite from enjoying lavish meals which oftentimes included delicacies from the sea! Size of mosaic: 42" W x 28" H (106.7 cm x 71.1 cm); Size of frame: 1" L x 44.5" W x 30.5" H (2.5 cm x 113 cm x 77.5 cm)
Mosaics (opus tesellatum) are some of our most enduring images from the Roman world, exciting not only for their aesthetic beauty, but also because they reveal what Romans chose to depict and see every day decorating their private and public spaces. Aquatic and maritime subjects were popular in Greco-Roman art. One of my favorite examples is in the House of the Faun in Pompeii (end of 2nd century BCE, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples). Another from Piazza Armerina, room 22, depicts an entertaining scene of winged Erotes reeling in their catch (4th century CE).
In ancient Rome, fish was generally more coveted than other forms of 'meat'. According to scholar Deborah Ruscillo, "Eating well was not just a daily ritual, it was a philosophy and a way of life in Imperial Rome. Your reputation and acceptance in the upper echelons of society was often determined by your abilities as a generous host and as a connoisseur. " ("When Gluttony Ruled!" Archaeology - a publication of the Archaeological Institute of America, volume 54 number 6, November/December 2001)
Provenance: ex-Phoenicia Holyland Antiquities; acquired from the Liebert family collection, late 1980s
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#155498
Condition
Mounted on plaster with a framed honeycomb backing to make it lighter. All tesserae are original with some small areas of restoration to the mount around the peripheries. Some of the tesserae have small losses, chips, wear, and deposits. Colors are still vibrant and motif very clear!