Roman, Imperial Period, ca. 1st to 4th century CE. A marvelous marble head, expertly hand-carved in high relief to display a veristic presentation of a man, possibly a philosopher, with a wavy beard and a full moustache. His naturalistic visage is comprised of high cheekbones protruding beneath sullen, heavy-lidded eyes with deeply drilled canthi and carefully-modeled pouches, arched brows, prominent nasolabial folds, a contoured nasal bone, and flesh lips slightly parted as though mid-speech. The piercing pupils gaze skyward, imbuing him with a dramatic presentation, while a thick, coiled coiffure crowns his head, each and every lock meticulously delineated and curls deeply drilled. A superb sculptural creation replete with expert stylization, sophisticated technique, and an adherence to realism. Size: 5" W x 9.8" H (12.7 cm x 24.9 cm); 11.5" H (29.2 cm) on included custom stand.
The short beard style that we see on this portrait became popular by the early 2nd century CE, coinciding with the resurgence of Hellenism under the emperor Hadrian (117 to 138 CE). During the years prior to Hadrian, facial hair was regarded as a trait belonging to so-called barbarians. Perhaps the most famous monument depicting this is Trajan's column (113 CE) which presents the Dacians with full beards. The era of Hadrian, however, saw the rise of bearded imperial portraits intended to emulate the Greek philosophers.
Classical Greeks and the Romans who came after them honored notable individuals by sculpting them in marble, often with the intention of placing the sculpture at their tombs. While the Greeks frequently portrayed their subjects as idealized and youthful, the Romans focused more on true physical characteristics. Their attention to details of dress, countenance, and coiffure indicated their subjects' social and political statuses. The realistic proportions of this face suggest that the sculptor revered mathematically based proportions in his creations, much like the revered Greek sculptor Polykleitos who purportedly exclaimed, "Perfection comes about little by little through many numbers." Notice the attention to even the smallest details, i.e., the precise delineation of each lock of hair on the beard as well as the fine facial contours around the mouth and cheeks.
A comparable (though smaller scale) Roman marble relief fragment of a head of a bearded man was sold by Christie's New York for $8,963 on June 12th, 2002 as lot 107 (live auction 1091 "Antiquities").
Provenance: East Coast collection, New York Gallery, New York City, New York, USA, acquired before 2010
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#157776
Condition
Fragment of a larger piece. Losses to nose, nasal bridge, and small area on proper bottom left side of beard. Chipping to brows. Expected nicks, abrasions, and light softening of detail, all commensurate with age. Otherwise, excellent with nice earthen deposits and encrustations. Great remaining detail in beard, hair, and eyes.