Roman, Imperial Period, ca. 2nd century CE. The end panel of a lead sarcophagus, its surface divided into eighths by a rope-like motif, each rope terminating in a clover leaf shape. Set within each of the eighths is a wide sunflower, and, above four of those, dolphins. These motifs were impressed into the lead using stamps. The Romans were in part a maritime empire, and the iconography of the sea included dolphins, who they seem to have believed carried souls to the Fortunate Isles, perhaps because they could pass through the air-breathing terrestrial world and into the watery depths that claimed so many Roman sailors' lives. Size: 15.45" W x 18.05" H (39.2 cm x 45.8 cm)
Prior to the 2nd century, Romans cremated their dead; around that time, inspired by the Greek and Etruscan practice of using sarcophagi, they began to place their dead in sarcophagi. This trend spread rapidly throughout the Roman Empire. In the western part of the Empire, which based on the leaf motif this panel probably came from, sarcophagi were placed inside a mausoleum against a wall or in a niche, so the only decorated panels were on the front and the short sides. The floral motif refers to actual garlands and flowers used to decorate tombs and altars. This panel protected the grave of a high-status Roman citizen.
See a similar, but less complete, example at the Metropolitan Museum of Art: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/255208
Provenance: private Georgia, USA collection
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#142313
Condition
One end is bent and the edge is ragged. Small losses from the other edges, but overall in very nice condition. Stamped motifs are very clear. Light deposits on surface.