Roman, Imperial Period, ca. 2nd to 4th century CE. A beautiful forged iron spatha of a bifacial design bearing a shallow midrib, extremely sharp edges, and a pointed tip. Situated along the tang are a hollow bronze hand guard with incised striations surrounding the flat face beneath the slightly convex topside, a hand-carved elephant ivory handle grip with a wavy design meant to accommodate a soldier's fingers, an adjustable ringlet with a sharp central carination, and a macaron-shaped pommel with incised striations around the midsection. The tip of the tang is fitted with a petite bronze cap that would have aided in holding all of these components in place in antiquity. Size: 30.6" L x 2.8" W (77.7 cm x 7.1 cm); (blade): 23" L x 1.8" W (58.4 cm x 4.6 cm)
The spatha was one of the most prevalent and widely used weapons in the ancient Roman Empire. According to professor of anthropology Michael D. Coe, "The spatha was of Celtic origin. The Romans were exclusively infantrymen, relying on their allies for cavalry. During the Gallic War, Caesar raised huge bodies of cavalry in Gaul. The Gallic tribes were also the target of Augustus' recruiting efforts when he started to form regular cavalry units to serve alongside the legions operating in the Rhineland. These units were equipped in native fashion with mail shirt, helmet, oval shield, and spear, and the long slashing sword that was to become the spatha, the primary weapon of the middle and later Empire." (Coe, Michael D. et al. "Swords and Hilt Weapons." Barnes & Noble, Inc., New York, 1996, p. 28)
Cf. The British Museum, museum number 1851,0806.2
Provenance: private Henderson, Nevada, USA collection, acquired via family lineage from grandfather who acquired it in Spain before 1939 during the Spanish Civil War
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#170670
Condition
Blade, guard, pommel, and handle grip are possibly not original to one another but are all from the stated time period. All components were likely cleaned at one time. Repair to remaining ivory grip and roughly 2" portion of hand guard's rounded face closest to handle grip, with resurfacing on guard repairs, and light adhesive residue on guard and handle grip. Losses to portions of ivory handle grip as shown. Slight bending to overall form of blade with deformation and abrasions to tip, and light oxidation commensurate with age across blade and tang; cap adhered to end of tang. Abrasions and nicks to bronze components, with encrustations and softening to some finer details. Ivory handle grip has yellowing to surface coloration and extensive craquelure. Hand guard, handle grip, and ringlet all move freely along the tang. Nice patina throughout.