Roman, Imperial period, ca. 1st to 3rd century CE. A well-preserved example of a batillum, a cast bronze shovel, in this case one made specifically for ritual use with incense. This example has several interesting features. The pan of the shovel is rectangular, with a fence-like border forming a boundary around three sides, incised with grooves and openwork in its upper half. The terminals at the opening are ram's heads with large, back-curving horns. The pan rests on four flat, square-shaped feet. The shovel also features a moveable handle, cast as a hollow bronze cylinder that calls to mind an architectural column, held in place with an iron peg and a large loop on its end. Size: 11.05" L x 2.95" W x 1.8" H (28.1 cm x 7.5 cm x 4.6 cm)
The shape of this batillum is similar to ones known specifically from Roman Syria, where floor mosaics in synagogues also show use of a similar shovel for burning incense, associated with the use of a menorah, lulab, and shofar. However, another similar example is also known from Pompeii - so the style seems to have spanned the eastern and central parts of the Roman Mediterranean. The architectural shape of the pan has led some researchers to suggest that it may also have been used as a kind of portable altar when placed flat on a table or other surface.
Provenance: private Davis collection, Houston, Texas, USA
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#132948
Condition
Smooth, dark patina on entire surface. Nice preservation of form with good movement present in the handle.