Pre-Columbian, West Mexico, Nayarit, Chinesco type, Protoclassic Period, ca. 100 BCE to 250 CE. A rare, heavy, and hollow pottery figural vessel of a sea creature. The mouth is ringed with flattened teeth, and the body has a petite tail and flippers. Red-painted details give spots and a lengthy cross design on the back and rings around the mouth. The interesting question, for interpreting the piece, is if it represents a true animal, a mythical creature, or some kind of transformative figure, half real, half myth? The presence of ears suggest that this is a representation of the Guadalupe fur seal, known from Mexico's Pacific Coast. The Nayarit, like other ancient cultures, were most likely keen observers of nature and may have hunted the seals that washed up on their shores. However, the lack of "fingers" on the flippers (there are five "fingers" on the back flippers of a true fur seal) and the strange teeth (seals have large canines) are not realistic and therefore suggest some element of monstrosity or transformation to the sculpture. Size: 12.5" W x 6.75" H (31.8 cm x 17.1 cm)
This style of sculpture is known as Chinesco by collectors because of its stylistic similarities to some forms of Chinese art. Pottery figural vessels like this one are the only remains that we have today of a sophisticated and unique culture in West Mexico -- they made no above-ground monuments or sculptures, at least that we know of, which is in strong contrast to developments elsewhere in ancient Mesoamerica. Instead, their tombs were their lasting works of art: skeletons arrayed radially with their feet positioned inward, and clay offerings - like this one - placed alongside the walls facing inward, near the skulls. A large effigy vessel like this one would most likely have flanked the entrance to a tomb in a way that archaeologists have interpreted as guarding. Some scholars have connected these dynamic sculptures of the living as a strong contrast to the skeletal remains whose space they shared, as if they mediated between the living and the dead.
Provenance: private Hidden Valley Lake, California, USA collection, acquired from Artemis Gallery in April 2020; ex-private Huber collection, Dixon, Illinois, USA, collected prior to 1980
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#170501
Condition
Restoration to outer half of proper left ear, with resurfacing and overpainting along new material and break lines. One stable but branching hairline fissures stemming from right corner of mouth. Small chips to some toes, with light abrasions and fading to original pigment, and light pitting in some areas. Great preservation of original pigment, with nice manganese deposits throughout. Old inventory labels beneath body.