Eastern Asia, Japan, Kofun Period, ca. 450 to 600 CE. One of my absolute favorite items, this is a buff-brown hollow pottery horse head. It wears a fancy bridle with large round bit plates, depicted in relief on the face, and likely once had a finial at the center of the forehead that is now lost. The face has openwork eyes and a round, tubular snout with open mouth end. It would also have once had large ears, a tall mane, and a full, saddled body. This style of figure is known as "haniwa", meaning "clay cylinder" or "circle of clay" in Japanese. Although they were stylized and often similar in appearance, the bridle form shows some personal touches. Size: 6" W x 10.35" H (15.2 cm x 26.3 cm); 11.25" H (28.6 cm) on included custom stand.
Haniwa are large, hollow, earthenware funerary objects, which were placed atop large mounded tombs known as "kofun", which means "old tomb". These tombs are such a hallmark of this prehistoric time period that it takes its name from them. This horse head is the type of funerary good made to be seen - they were placed to mark the open surfaces of the huge tombs, which were denuded of trees, covered with gravel arranged in artistic designs, and surrounded by moats. Haniwa like this horse were made by hand (rather than cast), and the most care in making them was given to human figures and horses. In this time of heavy armed conflict, horses were crucial companions and signs of wealth. Horses had only recently been domesticated in Japan, making them extra special for the Kofun.
See a similar example at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (69.249) and a full Haniwa horse at LACMA (M.2008.102).
Provenance: private J.H. collection, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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#149693
Condition
This is a fragment from a larger sculpture. The edges are rough and one area near the top of the head has been repaired. Small losses, chips, nicks, and scratches commensurate with age. However, the form and detail that are present are beautifully preserved.