Roman, Imperial Period, ca. 2nd to 3rd century CE. A sensitive and lifelike marble portrait of a woman, with lidded and drilled eyes that once would have had inlays. Her eyebrows are thin and delicately carved so that her eyes appear deepset. She has a small mouth with a full lower lip and a small, deeply dimpled chin. Her face is youthful, with smooth features framed by her hair. She wears her gently waved hair parted in the center and pulled back to cover her ears, a coiffure reminiscent of a style popular during the Severan age. On her head, she wears a broad polos, perhaps identifying her as a city goddess. The marble color is slightly mottled with creamy white and sparkling grey. Size: 5.55" L x 7.4" W x 11.25" H (14.1 cm x 18.8 cm x 28.6 cm); 15.25" H (38.7 cm) on included custom stand.
The hairstyle worn by this portrait was inspired by Julia Domna, wife of the emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193 to 211 CE), mother of the emperor Caracalla (r. 211 to 217 CE). She was the daughter of a high-ranking priest from Syria and some believe that her hairstyle was inspired by her foreign origins - indeed, women from Palmyra were known to wear their hair in a center parting with diadems or turbans. The polos worn on this woman's head, however, is Greco-Roman in style and indicates her divinity.
Marble statuary, reliefs, and cladding were ubiquitous in the Roman world, as the remains of the preserved cities at Herculaneum and Pompeii demonstrate. Their sculpture was intended to conjure human vitality, and was inspired by the works of Polykleitos, who became the model to which sculptors aspired in Greco-Roman as well as later Western European art. Greco-Roman statuary, unlike that of the other Mediterranean civilizations like Egypt, Persia, etc., celebrated the naturalistic human form. This included representations of their gods, like this one, who appear as if living people, dressed like ordinary (elite) citizens. This suggests an intriguing, more personal relationship with the gods rather than the more abstract or magical portrayals of other contemporary societies. This head may have featured as the centerpiece of an altar inside a temple, where cult statues of deities served as focal points for worship. It may also have been part of a public display like the Severan-period Septizodium, the monumental fountain built to honor the imperial family and which had a three-story columnar façade decorated with portraits of various gods and goddesses.
Published in "Our Collective Past: A Selection of Objects from Antiquity." Fortuna Fine Arts, Ltd., New York, 2006, fig. 25; featured in Christie's New York auction of April 25, 2017 as Lot 268.
Provenance: private East Coast, USA collection; ex-Gorny and Mosch, Munich, Germany, sale #145, 12/14/200
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#143801
Condition
Loss to nose, and back and top of head, as well as smaller scratches, chips, and nicks commensurate with age, notably on the irises of the eyes. Light deposits on surface. Details of face aside from the nose are well preserved.