Ancient Near East, modern day Iran, Luristan, ca. 1000 to 700 BCE. A published, beautifully preserved example of a classic Luristan artifact - a cast bronze hollow tubular standard in the form of a "master of animals" composed of a bell-shaped base with a long, narrow rod rising from it to a disc-shaped terminal with a spike projecting from it; fitted into this is a socketed figure. The figure is anthropomorphic, standing front-facing with knees bent out to the sides. The body is long and tubular, with a double raised band around its center that may represent a belt. Two identical bulges project outward above the knees, perhaps representing clothing or adornment. The arms are short, and project out from the upper part of the body in the same bent form as the knees. Each holds the collar of an additional figure. These figures are shown in profile, with human-like faces and ibex-like curved horns and legs. Another face - possibly a mask or pectoral - rises in relief from the chest of the central figure. Size: 2.55" W x 16" H (6.5 cm x 40.6 cm); 17.5" H (44.4 cm) on included custom stand.
This style, with the human faced creatures with ibex horns, is sometimes called "demons". Suggestions for the interpretation of this class of artifact have ranged from the religious - depictions of deities, idols, talismans, etc. - to the utilitarian - parts of chariots or used in funerary rituals. All we really know is that they have been found in graves and that the central figure seems to be exerting control over the creatures it holds.
Published in "Our Collective Past: A Selection of Objects from Antiquity." Fortuna Fine Arts, Ltd., New York, 2006, fig. 2.
Provenance: private East Coast, USA collection; ex-Richard Wagner collection, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, collected in the 1970s
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#139813
Condition
Repaired at center. Light encrustations on surface and mottled green patina. Excellent preservation of form and some details are also still present. Small casting flaw or possible loss on one of the figure's knees.