Ancient Central Europe, Danube River Basin, Hallstatt culture, Iron Age, ca. 900 to 500 BCE. A finely-preserved example of a hammered-bronze situla (Latin for bucket or pail) of a wide, circular form. The dramatically-tapered base has a notable central indentation surrounded by a series of concentric circles in relief which flare outward toward rounded walls, and the sloped shoulder is adorned with two parallel rows of raised knobs. A ring of impressed dots accentuates the indented neck line beneath a flared rim and further-flared lip, and a pair of arching strap handles are secured to the sides of the vessel with two rivets apiece. Exquisite layers of lustrous patina in dark-green, light-green, and brown hues enshroud the situla, though areas of the original golden-brown bronze color are still visible within the basin. Size: 10.5" W x 4.125" H (26.7 cm x 10.5 cm).
Hallstatt culture developed from the earlier Urnfield culture, and would progress into the later La Tene culture, which is often called Celtic. However, these names and classifications have been imposed upon ancient peoples by archaeologists and historians (Hallstatt, for example, takes its name from the type site, which is located in Austria southeast of Salzburg). Roughly 2700 years ago, these people lived in small groups, probably loosely confederated for trading purposes but engaging in frequent warfare. Elites controlled powerful hillforts and revered the horse, traveling by and perhaps warring with chariots. They were buried with beautiful bronze vessels like this.
Published in "Beloved by Time: Four Millennia of Ancient Art." Fortuna Fine Arts, Ltd., New York, 2000, pp. 38-39, fig. 68.
Provenance: private East Coast, USA collection; ex-private French collection, acquired in the 1970s
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#143954
Condition
Handles are ancient but are likely not original to the vessel. Slight indentations and a couple of stable hairline fissures across base and body, with light softening to some relief decorations, light abrasions, and light bending to rim, handles, and base, otherwise intact and excellent. Light earthen deposits as well as fabulous green and brown patina throughout. Areas of original golden-brown bronze color visible within basin.