Classical World, Etruria, ca. late 4th to 3rd century CE. A heavy, one piece, cast bronze helmet, preserved in excellent condition with a deep, glossy patina. The form is a single bowl, cast, hammered, and chased, with engraving forming decoration around the rim and neck guard, giving an impression of twisted rope. A thin finial rises from the apex, its disc-shaped, flat terminal decorated with a low relief, many-petaled flower. A narrow band below this flat face is decorated with further repeated petal motifs. On the lower body, rivets and two narrow tubes (all bronze) show where cheek guards and hinges once were. There is also a rivet in the middle of the neck guard, which on the interior includes two hinged loops, made for attaching chin straps. The neck guard was formed by pulling the "bowl" shape of the helmet back, and as a consequence the helmet is thinner at the lower back of the head. Size: 9" W x 8.2" H (22.9 cm x 20.8 cm); 15.2" H (38.6 cm) on included custom stand.
Helmets of this type originated with Celtic people north and west of the Italian peninsula, but the Etruscans and Romans adopted the style, with the former particularly using it from the 4th to 2nd centuries BCE. Roughly 400 of these helmets survive today in museums and private collections. They were overwhelmingly popular during the 3rd century BCE, when Roman hegemony and centralization of arms and armor production erased many of the individual styles of smaller northern Italian polities. Helmets of this type have been found in Etruscan and Roman graves and in river deposits far and wide, such as one in Nijmegen, Netherlands, found in a river near a legionary encampment, probably deposited as a gift to the gods. It was made to be worn high on the head, with padding inserted, designed to give protection from Celtic slashing swords.
Exhibited in "Dressed to Kill in Love and War: Splendor in the Ancient World", February 1 - March 31, 2019, Academy Art Museum, Maryland, USA, published in the exhibition guide by Sarah E. Cox and Anke Van Wagenberg, fig. 36.
See a very similar example found in a tomb in Perugia and now held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/684492; see one with cheek guards remaining at the British Museum: https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=399845&partId=1&searchText=montefortino&page=1
Provenance: private East Coast, USA collection; Exhibited in "Dressed to Kill in Love and War: Splendor in the Ancient World", February 1 - March 31, 2019, Academy Art Museum, Maryland, USA, published in the exhibition guide by Sarah E. Cox and Anke Van Wagenberg, fig. 36; ex-private Texas, USA collection, acquired in the 1990s
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#146226
Condition
Intact and unrestored (see X-ray images). Rich, mottled patina on surface, with beautiful preservation of form and detail. Deposits on interior.