Pre-Columbian, southern Mexico, Toltec, ca. 900 to 1200 CE. An impressive relief panel of a sizable rectangular form, hand-carved from a slab of mottled grey stone. The panel is divided into two halves, and each is decorated with intriguing iconography. The right side features a standing warrior figure who holds a lengthy arrow in each hand, stands with widespread legs over an abstract conical spire, and peers to the left with an enormous, almond-shaped eye. The grand headdress is accentuated with a discoid earspool, and the figure's stance is perhaps ceremonial or shamanic in nature. Exhibited on the left half is a highly abstract bird beneath a thick archway with a bulbous body, a left-facing head with an attenuated beak, and petite legs. A second bird in flight is shown to the left of the larger bird's body, and abstract circular forms are visible beneath both bird and warrior. Size: 22" L x 13.4" W (55.9 cm x 34 cm)
The Toltec capital, Tula, was covered in stone relief panels similar to this one, as were architectural features at the Mayan city of Chichen Itza. These were ceremonial, with religious meanings that would have been immediately understandable to their original audience. Tula had a population of tens of thousands of people and the city was centered around a plaza bordered by a five-stepped pyramid, two other pyramids, and two ball courts. Looking at a panel like this one would have immediately told inhabitants of Tula who the buildings in their urban space honored. Who is the figure represented here? Probably a ruler or certainly an elite personage, who was likely associated with a deity to emphasize his power.
Provenance: collection of the late Alfred E. Stendahl, Stendahl Gallery, Los Angeles, California, USA, acquired prior to 1990
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#150992
Condition
This panel is from a larger relief sculpture. Minor abrasions and nicks to some raised details, peripheries, and verso, with light softening to some finer details, otherwise intact and excellent. Nice earthen deposits throughout. Original iconography is visible and clear.