Pre-Columbian, Ecuador, Manteno, ca. 850 to 1600 CE. An exemplary and sizeable incensario, skillfully modeled in the form of a male figure - likely a cacique or chief - seated on a throne and depicted nude with hands in fists on each knee. Enveloped in a rich black glaze, the fascinating figure presents an impressive build, displaying wide shoulders, thick limbs, and a puffed-out chest. His friendly visage faces forward, exhibiting generously lidded eyes, a prominent nose with a perforated septum for placing adornments, and a slender, smiling mouth, all flanked by a pair of large ears fit with annular earspools. Though naked with delineated genitalia, he does wear a grand headdress that also serves as the shallow, platter-like container for the incensario which was most likely used to burn copal incense. Note how his posterior is rendered with a petite perforation for the additional emission of incense smoke or embers. His stool-like throne presents steppe-form legs that rest on a raised platform with a flared base. Size: 8.8" in diameter x 17.8" H (22.4 cm x 45.2 cm)
He appears to hold something small in each of his hands, and has his thumbs extended, a gesture in Manteno art that signifies shapeshifting ability.
The Manteno artist who created this piece exposed it to an oxygen-poor environment, known as a reducing atmosphere. This resulted in a build-up of black carbon producing its iconic black coloring. Many cultures throughout the world have used incense for both religious purposes in rituals, as well as in secular contexts, for the pure pleasure of enjoying the aromas produced when burned. The Pre-Columbian Manteno peoples were no exception, and their unique aesthetic is displayed in this skillfully sculpted incensario. Incense and other materials were burned as food for the gods, as it was believed that the deities could only consume substances that were burned and offered to them in the form of smoke that flowed upward toward the celestial realm.
The Manteno lived on Ecuador's coast, with two main temples, one located on the mainland coast and the other on Puna Island, which is protected by the coast. At these temples, people came to worship a goddess, using many of the methods known from elsewhere in ancient South America - shamanism associated with transformation in jaguars and other animals, the burning of incense for ceremonies, and veneration of rulers.
Cf. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number 1980.34.32.
This piece has been searched against the Art Loss Register database and has been cleared. The Art Loss Register maintains the world's largest database of stolen art, collectibles, and antiques.
Provenance: private Hawaii, USA collection, acquired from 1995 to 2010; ex-Alan Stone collection, New York City, New York, USA
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#168197
Condition
Repaired from several pieces with restoration. Expected nicks and abrasions, commensurate with age. Otherwise, excellent with impressive remaining pigment and lovely earthen encrustations to interior.