Native American, Southeastern United States, Tennessee, Greene County, Mississippian, ca. 1250 to 1450 CE. A lovely necklace strand comprised of over 100 thick discoidal beads carved from shell, and a central gorget shell pendant incised with Cox style woodpecker heads! The beads are strung in modern times on a wire, the gorget at the center threaded through the hand-drilled suspension holes. The slightly curved face is incised with the cross in circle solar motif and four woodpecker heads around the outer edge. Gorgets signified rank and power, the woodpecker- especially the large ivory-billed woodpecker (recently declared extinct in 2021) was an emblem of power and wealth- their beaks and red feathers used for trade and ornaments. This necklace is displayed in modern Riker case. Size (strand doubled): 17" L (43.2 cm); (gorget pendant): 2" Diameter (5.1 cm); (case): 12.25" L x 8.25" W (31.1 cm x 21 cm)
In an entry for the "Tennessee Encyclopedia" published October 8, 2017, titled "Cox Mound Gorget," C. Andrew Buchne writes: "Cox Mound gorget has three important iconographic elements. In the center is a cross inside a rayed circle or sun motif. The cross is symbolic of the sacred, or council, fire. The sun represents the sky deity and/or mythical ancestors. Surrounding the cross and sun is a scroll-like design element known as the looped square. This feature may represent wind, or possibly the litter on which subordinates carried a chief. Typically the looped square is composed of four lines, but in some cases only three lines are used. Four crested bird heads, which most scholars interpret as woodpeckers, are found on the outer edge. The woodpecker heads always are oriented in a counterclockwise direction, suggestive of the prehistoric Native American swastika."
Provenance: private South Carolina, USA collection
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#171469
Condition
Nicks and chips to shell beads, and natural ossification / pitting. Strung in modern times on a modern wire and displayed in Riker case.