Pre-Columbian, Maya, Late Classic, ca. 600 to 900 CE. A handmade anthropomorphic plumbate jar of unique form presenting with a discoid base that tapers as it rises to hold a deep cup featuring tall walls, a subtle hourglass shape, and a flared rim. The grinning visage of a lord or deity (possibly Kukulkan/Quetzalcoatl - see extended description below) projects from one side. Dressed in a plumed headdress and circular ear gages, he holds before him a frowning face surrounded by concentric circles and flanked by his two protruding hands. The figure's toothy smile, or perhaps snarl, sits atop a jutting chin and below a long sharp nose bearing two long piercings, heavy lidded eyes, and a high arched brow. Incised lines along the exterior of the vessel give detail to the body of our figure, showing a layered collar, two wings, and bent arms decorated in cloud-like designs. A lustrous burnish beautifully compliments the red plumbate surface and helps to accentuate the remaining original pigments of forest green and gold. Scholars posit that plumbate ware was made by a small number of artisans around the Mexico/Guatemala border who then exported them throughout wider Mesoamerica. Size: 4.5" W x 7.5" H (11.4 cm x 19 cm)
This figure's plumed head, collared neck, and sky-like motifs indicates that he may be Quetzalcoatl ("Feathered Serpent" in the Nahuatl language), the Pre-Columbian deity revered as lord of wind and sky who the Maya called Kukulkan. The earliest representations of Quetzalcoatl adorn the Temple of Quetzalcoatl in Teotihuacan, Mexico (ca. 3rd century CE) where numerous stone heads of the divine plumed snake embellish the steps of this Pre-Classic pyramid. The pioneering artist/anthropologist Miguel Covarrubias whose writings and illustrations on indigenous cultures of the ancient Americas continue to contribute to scholarly studies today stated, "Quetzalcoatl stood for all that was good in this world: peace, art, wisdom, and prosperity. Disguised as an ant, he discovered maize, the staple food of the Indians, hidden under the mountain of Substance, Tonacatepetl; he also invented the arts, the sciences, and the calendar. In fact, everything connected with wisdom and culture was attributed to Quetzalcoatl." (Miguel Covarrubias, Mexico South: The Isthmus of Tehuantepec (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946), 130.
Provenance: private Holly Springs, North Carolina, USA collection; ex-Kaplan estate collection, purchased in 1980s
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#157171
Condition
Nicks and chips to base and rim with pitting to interior. Expected craquelure and fading, but excellent remaining pigment. Otherwise, intact with nice earthen encrustations in recessed areas.