Ancient Near East, northwestern Iran, Luristan culture, ca. 1200 to 800 BCE. A cast-bronze discoid shield boss meant to be situated on the exterior of a shield. It features a broad, hemispherical bulge at its center with a flat rim around it; the edge of the rim is punctured evenly in four places for attachment to a wooden shield. The bulge and rim both have lightly incised concentric circles; a tiny opening at the center may indicate that there was something projecting, nipple-like, from its center. Size: 7.5" W x 2.15" H (19 cm x 5.5 cm)
The region of Luristan, which encompasses the rugged Zagros Mountain chain, is famous for its bronze work that was above and beyond the skill level of contemporary groups. The affluent group in Luristan society that patronized the metalworking industry and purchased fine items like this shield boss were nomadic horsemen. They would travel into towns and from there purchase swords, shields, daggers, and other bronze and iron objects from craftsmen. Although these horsemen were pre-literate, we know from the records of the Elamites and other southern neighbors that these tribesmen functioned as mercenaries in the constant warfare between the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Elamites. When they died, they were buried in rock-covered tombs with their instruments of battle like this example.
Provenance: ex-private Los Angeles, California, USA collection, acquired at Malter auctions, Los Angeles, California, USA (September 30, 1990)
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#153549
Condition
Slight bending to form, but overall very well preserved, with a mottled dark green and nearly black patina and light deposits.