Magna Graecia, Italy, Apulia/Daunian, ca. mid 4th century BCE. A large pottery krater with a broad, ring-shaped rim and twin handles that resemble the pointed-ears profile of a bat's head - a common motif on Daunian vessels. The cream hued body is extensively decorated with a series of black and red horizontal bars around the body, stylized acanthus leaves around the rim, and a wave-like motif around the shoulder as well as a triangular motif above the foot. As early as the 6th century BCE, Daunia was an extremely wealthy region as is evidenced by the rich grave goods from the urban centers of Canosa, Arpi, and Salapia among others. Daunian pottery is characterized by voluminous rounded forms with geometric and linear patterns in earthen tones as we see in this intriguing example. Size: 10.5" W x 10.1" H (26.7 cm x 25.7 cm)
Bat symbolism in the ancient Classical World is fascinating. The ancients would have compared them in some regards to human women, because of their two breasts and the fact that they give birth to only one or rarely two offspring at a time. They also, as in many cultures, were associated with the underworld and death, presumably because of their nocturnal habits and fondness for dark places like cave ceilings. Bats were sacred to Persephone, wife of Hades, and goddess of the underworld. Homer describes the souls of the dead: "Just as inside the corners of a monstrous cave/ bats flit around and squeak when one of them falls down/ out of the cluster on the rock where they cling/ to one another, that is how these spirits squawked as they moved on together." As this vessel was almost certainly made to grace a tomb, the bat symbolism complements its function.
Provenance: private New York, New York, USA collection; ex-New York, USA private collection acquired in 2007; ex-private collection from Krefield, Germany, 1990s
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#152804
Condition
Expertly repaired, but no restoration, with no modern added pigment or overpaint. Repairs are mainly on one side. Light deposits on surface.