Pre-Columbian, Mexico, Veracruz culture, also known as Totonac (Totonaca), Remojadas, ca. 600 to 800 CE. A near-life-size anthropomorphic head sculpted with portrait-like features and bitumen details, known as a "sonriente" head. The hollow form head has a large circular vent hole on the verso and open mouth displaying a row of teeth. A hooked nose, flared nostrils and raised eyelids and pupils under arched brows create a very intense scowl or glare rather than a smile. The arching headdress panel is covered with applied nodules bitumen black pigments detail and highlight the visage. Sonrientes, or "smiling faces." are the most famous pottery from this period in Veracruz (known as Remojadas for its keystone archaeological site). Like this one, they depict wide, smiling, childlike faces adorned in earspools and headdresses. Some have suggested that the expressions are the result of consuming the alcoholic beverage pulque or taking hallucinogenic drugs; others see them as representing performers. Size: 10.5" L x 7" W x 11" H (26.7 cm x 17.8 cm x 27.9 cm)
Excavations near the modern Mexican town of Remojadas have revealed two types of impressive, detailed pottery figures from the Veracruz period: the sonrientes, the joyous "smiling faces," and figures that had heads like this one, more serious, with elaborate costumes, themes, and sometimes props that all seem to point towards religious or political ceremonies. Figures with heads like this example are often found with the bodies broken into pieces though with the heads largely intact, as they were ritually destroyed as burial offerings.
For a similar example please see the Metropolitan Museum of Art's website, accession number: 1979.206.587.
This piece has been tested using thermoluminescence (TL) analysis and has been found to be ancient and of the period stated.
This piece has been tested using thermoluminescence (TL) analysis and has been found to be ancient and of the period stated. A full printed and bound report is available to the buyer upon request.
Provenance: private Hidden Valley Lake, California, USA collection, acquired 2020; ex-Bermudez Laurent Primitive Art, Berkeley, California, USA
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#170494
Condition
Fragment of a larger piece as shown and repaired. Front headdress panel reattached, and visible adhesive residue on frontside and verso. Losses to headdress panels and applied nodules as shown. Missing ear on left side. Stable pressure fissures and break lines- hair line fissures radiating from neck over headdress and across verso. Abrasions and losses to neck area and chips to eyes. TL hole on right side of head and 2nd TL hole on lower neck. Fading of black pigments, but face is well preserved and expressive.