Ancient Near East, Sumerian, late Ur III period, ca. 22nd to 21st century BCE. A sizable Sumerian clay tablet containing administrative records for the disbursement of different agricultural commodities. The pale-orange rectangular tablet a flat obverse face, planar sides, and a lightly-convex verso. The tablet boasts roughly 120 lines of inscribed cuneiform text across three delineated columns which wrap around the top and bottom sides. The partial translation of this tablet concerns the accounting for quantities of barley distributed to several named individuals, though the names have faded over time. As Sumerian agriculture grew, farmers and traders realized they needed a recording system to track the movements of animals and goods. Cuneiform script is made by impressing a sharpened reed or stick into the still-wet clay just before firing. Cuneiform was generally a pictographic style of writing in its infancy, though it became a more abstract style of letter-based script around the 3rd millennium BCE. Size: 5.3" W x 6.5" H (13.5 cm x 16.5 cm).
A stylistically-similar example with similar agricultural disbursement records hammered for $27,500 at Christie's, New York Antiquities auction (sale 3748, June 4, 2015, lot 102): https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/ancient-art-antiquities/a-sumerian-clay-cuneiform-tablet-third-dynasty-5903826-details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=5903826&sid=2f206a71-e34d-4c38-a8c3-9f46c3187cdd
Provenance: private Colorado, USA collection; ex-private California, USA collection, acquired in 1989
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#143811
Condition
Several large areas of repair along corners and verso, with losses and light adhesive residue along break lines. Minor nicks and abrasions to front, back, and peripheries, with softening to some cuneiform characters, and light encrustations. Nice earthen deposits throughout.