Late Roman or Early Byzantine, the Levant, late Imperial Period, ca. 4th to 6th century CE. A well-executed stone mosaic composition featuring two parallel registers, each one depicting a pair of birds - perhaps pheasants, doves, or quail - each pair surrounding a flower (perhaps a poppy) - with a diamond-shaped motif at each end of the register. The birds are delineated in stone tesserae of blue, green, beige, grey, and white hues. The flowers in russet red, beige, blue, and green. The ground is comprised of cream stone tesserae. The attention to detail is impressive, as the mosaicist carefully delineated the avians' eyes, beaks, wings, feathering, and perched feet - as well as the round blossoms and naturalistically rendered leaves and stems. The volumes of the forms are skillfully modeled with color so as to create a somewhat three dimensional effect. Size: 47.25" W x 24.75" H (120 cm x 62.9 cm); 49.25" W x 27.375" H (125.1 cm x 69.5 cm) including matrix
Birds - and indeed, animals of all kinds - were incredibly popular artistic themes in the Roman Empire. Romans delighted in seeing animals, and a major industry during the imperial period was the capture and transport of birds, mammals, and lizards for display and sport in the Roman arena. Ancient Roman mosaic artwork reflects this interest. For example, at Pompeii, there are multiple mosaics depicting well-rendered, lifelike birds engaging in a variety of activities - sitting in trees, warily watching cats, and in the case of one partridge, plucking at a necklace as if to steal it. Based on where mosaics depicting them have been found, birds seem to have been considered tranquil, peaceful subjects for the interiors of homes (not so the case with many other types of animals).
Mosaics (opus tesellatum) are some of our enduring images from the Roman world, appreciated not only for their aesthetic beauty, but also because they reveal what Romans chose to depict and see every day decorating their private and public spaces. In the Roman province of Syria, which encompassed most of the ancient Near East/Levant, mosaics seem to have developed as a common art form relatively late, with most finds coming from the 3rd century CE or later. Syria was one of Rome's wealthiest provinces, but it was also far removed from Rome itself and Roman culture was overlaid on enduring cultural traditions from Hellenistic Greece and the great civilizations that came before it. Antioch-on-the-Orontes (modern day Antakya, Turkey), was the capital of northern Roman Syria, and its excavations in the 1930s revealed more than three hundred mosaic pavements.
Provenance: private East Coast, USA collection; ex-Hirsch auction, Munich, Germany (auction #262, September 22-23, 2009, lot 290); ex-Judy Cowan collection, New York, USA, acquired in the 1970s
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#146422
Condition
Normal surface wear with old chips, fissures, and scuffs commensurate with age. Losses to tesserae at peripheries and some interior areas. Stone tesserae are ancient. Set in a modern plaster matrix with metal framing. No suspension holes on verso.