Pre-Columbian, West Mexico, Nayarit, San Sebastian style, Protoclassic Period, ca. 100 BCE to 250 CE. A massive pottery figure depicted seated on a two-legged stool, leaning slightly forward with the right hand held to his mouth in a gesture most often associated with deep thought, sorrow, or even smoking. Enveloped in a vibrant red slip, the nude figure displays spread legs that bend at the knee, a broad rectangular torso, and the left arm resting on his thigh. The elongated head features a pair of slit-form eyes, a bulbous nose adorned with a septum ornament, a trio of hoop earrings, and an applied necklace around his neck. A helmet-like coiffure or headdress with vertical rows of plaited braids or cloth folds covers the top of his elongated head and down, stopped just above the nape of his neck. At the top center of the coiffure is a circular vent hole leading into his hollow body. Size: 7" L x 6" W x 15" H (17.8 cm x 15.2 cm x 38.1 cm)
Smoking was not merely a recreational pursuit in Pre-Columbian cultures but was performed by shamans for ritual and/or ceremonial purposes. It is known from ethnographic data that shamans would blow smoke over individuals in curing ceremonies, and in other contexts to symbolically produce clouds for rain. Shamans also smoked substances to induce altered states of consciousness, important in their mediation between the seen and unseen realms.
Clay figures like this one are the only remains that we have today of a sophisticated and unique culture in West Mexico - they made no above-ground monuments or sculptures, at least that we know of, which is in strong contrast to developments elsewhere in ancient Mesoamerica. Instead, their tombs were their lasting works of art: skeletons arrayed radially with their feet positioned inward, and clay offerings, like this one, placed alongside the walls facing inward, near the skulls. A large effigy like this one would most likely have flanked the entrance to a tomb in a way that archaeologists have interpreted as guarding.
Provenance: private New York, New York, USA collection; ex Dr. James Tait Goodrich collection, Grandview-on-Hudson, New York, USA, 1980s, thence by descent
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#171645
Condition
Professionally repaired and restored with nearly indiscernible infill to fissure on verso. Stable hair line fissures on legs. Excellent preservation to facial features and red slip. Description label on verso and old inventory labels on underside.