Ancient Near East, Mesopotamia, Early Dynastic IIIa to IIIb, ca. 2500 to 2230 BCE. A wonderful and early cuneiform administrative tablet of an ovoid form with lightly-rounded peripheries, a slightly-convex obverse face, and a dramatically-convex verso. Sprawled across the tablet are roughly 132 delineated panels, each containing a record of barley disbursements to several named individuals; however, the names from this period are difficult to read. As the agricultural and trading networks of ancient Mesopotamia grew, farmers, merchants, and rulers realized they needed an effective means of tracking shipments and cargo across vast distances. Their solution, the writing system known as cuneiform, was created by impressing sharpened reeds or sticks into still-wet clay just before firing. Early variations of cuneiform used the rounded end of a stylus to create small holes along with the characters; in time this practice was eventually phased out. Size: 4.25" W x 4.1" H (10.8 cm x 10.4 cm).
A stylistically-similar example of a somewhat larger size hammered for $86,500 at Sotheby's, New York "Egyptian, Classical and Western Asiatic Antiquities" auction (December 8, 2010, lot 84): http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/lot.84.html/2010/egyptian-classical-and-western-asiatic-antiquities-n08688
Provenance: private Colorado, USA collection; ex-private California, USA collection, acquired in 1989
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#143812
Condition
Several areas of repair with small losses and light adhesive residue along break lines. Minor nicks and abrasions to faces and peripheries, with softening to some areas of cuneiform inscription, and encrustations along the verso. Light earthen deposits throughout.