Ancient Greece, Classical Period, ca. late 5th to early 4th century BCE. A gorgeous bronze hydria (water vessel) with a simple, elegant form resting atop a petite circular foot decorated with a register of wide frets topped with a thin, stippled border. The gently-curving, apple-shaped body expands upward to a rounded shoulder and a tapered cylindrical neck with an outsplayed mouth, and the rim is encircled with a ring of ovolo draped over the edge. A pair of curving, upturned handles are horizontally mounted along the shoulder, and an applied vertical handle rests behind the squat neck. Two small pierced holes on the rim perhaps held a lid at one time, and a small bent pin still resides in one hole. Lustrous green and brown patina enshroud the entire vessel and imbue it with a handsome presentation evocative of ancient Greece. Size: 15.25" W x 15.6" H (38.7 cm x 39.6 cm).
Hydria frequently appear in scenes of women carrying water from fountains, which was one of the duties of women during this time period. The two handles at the sides were used for lifting, while the handle at the back was used to dip and pour. However, bronze examples seem not to have been practical, but rather to have been used solely in a funerary setting. The term "kalpis" is also used rather frequently as an interchangeable term for "hydria," however a hydria can only be a kalpis if it lacks the vertical handle on the verso.
Cf. another hydria with plain attachment disks and foot in the City Art Museum, St. Louis, inv. no. 169:24, published in David Gordon Mitten & Suzannah F. Doeringer, "Master Bronzes From the Classical World" (Mainz 1967), cat. No, 109, pp. 110-111; a smaller vessel published in Lila I. Marangou, "Ancient Greek Art: The N.P. Goulandris Collection" (Athens, 1985), cat. no. 260, pp. 163-164.
For a stylistically-similar example with silver inlays, please see The Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number 37.11.6: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/253533
A strikingly-similar example, of a slightly-smaller size and labeled as a "kalpis," hammered for $25,000 at Christie's, New York Antiquities auction (sale 3748, June 4, 2015, lot 40): https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/ancient-art-antiquities/a-greek-bronze-kalpis-classical-period-circa-5903764-details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=5903764&sid=f99df087-30aa-4e63-b9da-7fe69b7da769
Provenance: private East Coast, USA collection; ex-private Mr. Merk collection, Munich, Germany, acquired before 1990
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#145876
Condition
X-rays show base of vessel restored with wire mesh and fill material, foot reattached, restoration and light repatination to area of neck and shoulder, and restoration to area of lower body. Minor abrasions and indentations to areas of body, foot, and rim, with light encrustations to some areas. Light earthen deposits and great patina throughout.