Pre-Columbian, Ecuador, Jama Coaque (Jamacoaque) culture, ca. 200 BCE to 500 CE. A skillfully hand-built polychrome terracotta animated shaman, standing with arms extended out from his body and assuming a transformative state - part human and part zoomorph, presenting an intimidating visage/mask with bulging eyes, a pronounced snout, and an open mouth bearing sharp fangs - all embellished with a color scheme of red, blue, and yellow hues. His head also serves as a vessel for offerings. The shaman dons a crescent-shaped headdress with long, elaborate ornaments suspended from it and covering his ears, an ornate labret adorning his lip that falls to his chest, a beaded necklace, and an elaborate tunic with animal pelt and beads, these details all meticulously incised and/or applied. In his hands he holds a pair of implements, perhaps sacred offerings or percussive instruments. This fabulous costume, mask, and accoutrements befit a shaman participating in a ceremonial ritual or dance. Size: 2.75" L x 4" W x 6.25" H (7 cm x 10.2 cm x 15.9 cm)
The Jama Coaque culture is named for two towns in the Manabi Province in coastal central Ecuador. Although their pottery is similar to nearby cultures, Jamacoaque figures are traditionally more richly clothed and elaborately adorned, likely reflecting actual traditions. The articles that a figure wears may signify an allegiance to a certain group of people or a particular rank or role in the society (in this case, that of a shaman), one that would have been understood by members of the Jama Coaque.
Shamanic transformation - brought on in part by the ingestion of coca leaves - was a popular theme in Jama Coaque pottery. The Jama Coaque potters turned away from earlier Ecuadorian pottery traditions (Valdivian, Chorrera) that focused upon representations of the body. In this new phase in ancient Ecuadorian society, status and different occupations for individuals suddenly became important to show artistically. Interestingly, this suggests that their culture began to stratify and become more complex, with individuals in the society taking on specialized roles such as shaman. This fantastic figure stands on its own as a work of art but also reminds us of these exciting historical developments.
Provenance: private New Jersey, USA collection; ex-Jack Bond (Kent Bond Gallery); ex-The Lands Beyond (Ken Bower)
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#153222
Condition
Repairs to face, hand, base, and support behind figure. Normal surface wear but nice remains of blue, yellow, and red pigmentation. Nice deposits grace the surface as well.