Pre-Columbian, West Mexico, Jalisco, ca. 300 BCE to 300 CE. A beautiful hollow-cast pottery figure with a highly-burnished surface, this "pensadora" (female pensador or thinker) is posed with one leg folded beneath a broad skirt and the other bent upwards, with her right arm resting atop her patella and beneath her chin, and the left wrapped around one perky breast. A rotund abdomen, broad chest, and rounded shoulders define her upper body, while a thick neck cranes outward to support her head. Recessed eyes, an enormous aquiline nose, tasseled earrings, and a pointed chin comprise her visage, and a simple cap covers the top of her head. A small bulb inside the mouth represents a death bubble which symbolizes the deceased state of the woman. Covered in orange-red decorations atop a cream-slipped ground, this is a wonderful example of ancient shaft tomb pottery! Size: 5.25" W x 7.625" H (13.3 cm x 19.4 cm).
Clay figures like this example are the only remains that we have today of this sophisticated and unique culture in West Mexico -- they made no above-ground monuments or sculptures, at least that we know of, which is in stark contrast to developments elsewhere in ancient Mesoamerica. Instead, they developed a widely-used method of burial known as shaft tombs.
This is a figure made to be placed inside those mausoleums, perhaps to mediate between the worlds of the living and the dead. However, we unfortunately lack the information we would need to understand what these figures were truly made for. Did they represent everyday people, even individuals? Were they religious? Were they created to mediate between the living and the dead? Whatever their purpose, today they are beautiful artwork and reminders of the mysterious past.
For a stylistically-similar example of the San Juanito style of Jalisco pottery, please see the Museo Amparo, registration number 52 22 MA FA 57PJ 1094: http://museoamparo.com/colecciones/pieza/2152/la-pensadora-mujer-en-actitud-de-reflexion-y-posiblemente-de-enojo?page=10
Provenance: private Southern California, USA collection, acquired in the 1970s to mid-1980s
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#141541
Condition
One leg reattached with small chips and light adhesive residue along break line. Minor nicks to legs, body, arms, and head, with abrasions and fading to surface pigmentation, and light encrustations. Nice earthen deposits and great manganese blooms throughout.