Ancient Near East, Holy Land, Byzantine Empire, ca. 10th to 12th century CE. A gorgeous cast-bronze processional cross with flaring arms that terminate in pairs of circular knobs engraved with roundels of rosettes encircled by a stippled 'beaded' border. The arms of the cross are further incised with stylized geometric motifs, additional roundels of rosettes with 'beaded' borders, and a wonderful beaded/stippled border along the entire periphery. At the center of the cross is a large circular bezel, perhaps intended for a stone or glass inlay. There is also a band of perforations lining the lower ends of the horizontal arms; perhaps additional ornaments were once suspended from these. Finally, MHXHA is inscribed at the lower end. Replete with a rich green- and russet-hued patina, this is a beautiful example from ancient Byzantium! Size: 15" W x 27.875" H (38.1 cm x 70.8 cm); 28.875" H (73.3 cm) on included custom stand.
The Byzantine Empire was established in the 4th century CE when the Emperor Constantine, also known as Saint Constantine, Christianized the Roman Empire and pronounced the city of Constantinople in Byzantium as the capital. The visual culture of this era demonstrates a synthesis of classical Greek, Roman, and Christian influences. This cross was made at a time when tremendous effort and innovation went into creating art with Christian themes.
Provenance: East Coast collection, New York Gallery, New York City, New York, USA, acquired before 2010
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#157166
Condition
Missing one circular knob/roundel on upper arm and inlay in central circular bezel. Old repair to lower arm where lower section was reattached. Minor nicks to peripheries of tip/lower end of handle. Nicks/chips/tears to periphery of central circular bezel and diagonal fissure across the circular face within. Areas of encrustation to verso as shown. Wonderful rich age patina. Incised decorative motifs are very nice.