Pre-Columbian, Central & Gulf Coast Mexico, Veracruz region, Aztec culture, Post Classic period, ca. 1200 to 1521 CE. A dramatic mask carved from a gray volcanic stone, the head of a young man with a trance-like expression. He presents a pronounced but naturalistic nose, slightly parted lips, shallow, almond-shaped eyes, large ears, and a low-cut coiffure. This plain hairstyle suggests that the head would have been furnished with different headdresses to represent various deities during festivals throughout the year. The earlobes and sides of the head are pierced with suspension holes. Notice that this mask does not possess actual eye holes for seeing through and red cinnabar is used to highlight the sockets. This was a common practice as stone masks were often created for displays during rituals, or in death as a death mask, rather than to be worn by a living person. However, this was probably not a death mask as the eyes are open. Instead, it may have represented a portrait of man. Size: 6" W x 7" H (15.2 cm x 17.8 cm); 10.75" H (27.3 cm) on included custom stand.
For a similar example please see the American Museum of Natural History, catalog number: 30 / 11847.
The Spaniards wrote of the Aztecs believing that stone quarried to be carved had magical properties and was alive, able to speak and prophecy. Aztec stone sculpture is a culmination of centuries of stone carving in Mesoamerica, and, using fragile volcanic stone, they were able to create remarkably detailed artworks. The Aztec were heavily influenced by Teotihuacan culture, and much of their art is inspired by these predecessors. Indeed, the Aztec excavated the Teotihuacan city and
reused and embellished many of the objects they discovered. The Aztecs regarded the city of Teotihuacan as a mythical site where the gods once assembled.
This mask is likely a stylized representation of a macehualtin, a lower-class citizen. The macehualtin were farmers who could attain some social mobility through training as warriors and military achievement. In Aztec culture fertility and sexual ability were of great importance. It was essential to depict men as youthful to demonstrate their "imperial supremacy" as seen in this handsome example!
Provenance: private Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA collection; ex-private Allan Davis collection, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA acquired in January 2004; ex-private New York, New York, USA collection; ex-Walter Dawson collection, Omaha, Nebraska, USA, acquired in the 1960s
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#163735
Condition
Old inventory label on verso. Loss to lower earlobe on right side, otherwise excellent condition. Nice remains of red pigment in eyes and mouth.