Ancient Central Asia, Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan, Gandharan Empire, ca. 1st to 3rd century CE. A finely-modeled relief sculpture depicting the Greco-Roman deity Atlas in a seated position atop an integral rectangular plinth. He wears a lengthy robe with incised folds, with his left leg bent against the ground and his right curled up beside his chest. His head peers slightly to the left, with piercing eyes, a naturalistic nose, cupped ears, and a bushy beard defining his countenance beneath a wavy coiffure. Fine contours delineate the characteristically-powerful musculature of his chest, arms, and shoulders, and a pair of magnificent wings plume outward with wavy feathers beneath. Size: 8" W x 9.625" H (20.3 cm x 24.4 cm).
The Greco-Roman deity Atlas was punished to hold aloft for eternity the celestial sphere after his leadership and participation in the Titanomachy – a prolonged battle between the Titans and the Olympians - along with Cronus, the Greek god of time. The Greco-Buddhist stylization of Atlas depicts him with enormous, billowing wings which imbue him with a super-human appearance which is often combined with the imagery of Hercules.
The Gandharan Empire made itself wealthy in part by controlling lucrative trade along the mountain passes between China in the East and the Near East and Mediterranean in the West; a great deal of this wealth went into local patronage of artisans and art. In the first century CE, Buddhism became fashionable amongst Gandharan elites, and the art produced at this time depicting the Buddha includes some of the most striking Buddhist images from the past. Their artistic tradition also reflects the conquest of Alexander the Great and the introduction of styles from all sides, blended into a uniquely Gandharan tradition, which this depiction of Atlas exemplifies.
For a stylistically-similar example, please see The British Museum, museum number 1880.183: https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=182194&partId=1&searchText=gandhara&sortBy=imageName&page=1
A stylistically-similar example of a smaller size hammered for $7,170 at Christie's, New York "Indian and Southeast Asian Art Including Asian Paintings" auction (sale 1355, March 25, 2004, lot 11): https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/a-small-gray-schist-figure-of-atlas-4246598-details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=4246598&sid=6e885216-bf4b-46f6-980d-19ffaefe029f
Provenance: private East Coast, USA collection; ex-Richard Wagner collection, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, acquired in the 1960s
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#143555
Condition
Small chips and losses to areas of wings, base, peripheries, and verso, with minor softening to some finer details particularly on body and wings, and light encrustations. Nice earthen deposits and light patina throughout. Two drilled holes in base for old display stand.