Pre-Columbian, West Mexico, Colima, ca. 300 BCE to 300 CE. A remarkable, iconographically rich, hand-sculpted ceramic incensario. The incensario is formed from a Janus-headed male figure whose head interior serves as the functional part of the incensario; this figure has owl-like features in the form of an enormous beak and two huge, round eyes as well as horns that project from double crests on the front side of its head (the back side has crests but no horns). The figure squats, with an erect phallus on each side of its body, and its four bent legs form the supports for the vessel. It wears a zoomorphic necklace that resembles a face. A tall hoop and twisted coils coming off the back of the figure's horns form a superstructure over the incensario bowl. Standing beside the figure is another, more obviously human figure. This figure also wears a zoomorphic necklace that resembles the head of a serpent as well as a headdress with three large flowers projecting from one side. The figure holds a rattle. Size: 11.25" W x 13.75" H (28.6 cm x 34.9 cm)
Scholars have suggested that incensarios like this example were part of a cult dedicated to warriors killed in combat. Incense played a major role in religious practice in Mesoamerica, from the Olmec onward, and the figures depicted here support that - horns and animal-headed necklaces indicate that these are transformative figures, probably shamans. Many tombs are outfitted with incensarios and the items also seem to have been used in ceremonies by the living. The incense was made from copal, tree resin from the torchwood tree. By burning copal, Mesoamerican priests made an offering to the gods - for example, during an Aztec ceremony for the god Huitzilopochtli, the hummingbird-formed god of war, priests hoped that their prayers would be carried upward along with the wafting smoke and scent.
Provenance: private New York, USA collector who began collecting in 1966; ex-Sotheby's, November 24, 1997, Lot 289
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#152714
Condition
Small areas of repairs and professional restoration, but overall in remarkable condition, with great preservation of details and rich deposits.