Eastern Europe, Russia, ca. 19th century CE. Finely painted in egg tempera on wood, the painted iconography set amidst glistening gold leaf strapwork patterns, an icon in the form of a very large processional cross or crucifix, possibly carried during Christian processions, depicting Christ in Resurrection at the center - rising from the doors of Hades with two accompanying figures, a man holding a spear perhaps representing Satan and the angel whom Christ commanded to bind Satan, this scene surrounded by depictions of the four Evangelists with their symbols occupying the fleur-di-lis-like termini of each arm. Alternatively, the man with the spear may represent the centurion who guarded the body, and the angel may represent the man in white who appeared to the myrrh-bearing women. The cross is mounted in an open shadow-box of sorts, comprised of a stained wood background with a gold-toned frame detailed with curved frets and a beaded inner border. Size: frame measures 31" W x 38.5" H (78.7 cm x 97.8 cm), cross measures 27.5" W x 34.5" H (69.8 cm x 87.6 cm)
Each of the Evangelists is depicted half-length, holding his Gospel, accompanied by his symbol. One can imagine Matthew, Luke, John, and Mark - each Evangelist seated in his scriptorium, writing his Gospel surrounded by shelves for volumes and scrolls, parchments, quills, erasing knives, and inks. Images of the Evangelists derived from miniatures of illuminated Gospel books and Gospel lectionaries showing them at work in their scriptoria. These portrayals were oftentimes painted on the outside of the Royal Doors.
The writings of Matthew (depicted at the top central terminus) are typically shown to be inspired by an angel, or after the 14th century, by Sophia Wisdom, the wingless female figure with a scepter and crowned by a double star halo. The Church Fathers assigned each evangelist one of the four living creatures of the Apocalypse, and Matthew
Condition
Age cracks and areas of restoration to central depiction of Christ. Expected surface wear and losses, particularly at peripheries, commensurate with age.