Ancient Egypt, New Kingdom, 18th to 20th Dynasty, ca. 1700 to 1450 BCE. A simple yet elegant hand-carved stone scarab naturally adorned in rich hues of coffee and caramel with a hole channeling lengthwise through the piece to allow it to be worn as a necklace or bracelet. The top of the ovoid scarab showcases a petite head, a bulbous wing carapace, and thinly incised grooves around the base indicative of legs. The base of the ancient amulet depicts a rightward facing seated lion, intricately carved with an impressively detailed mane, below a zoomorphic entity, possibly a bird or cobra. Boasting a smooth lustrous surface, this beautiful stone scarab is a wonderful example from ancient Egypt. Size: 0.875" L x 0.625" W (2.2 cm x 1.6 cm)
Amulets of the scarab were hugely popular for over a thousand years in ancient Egypt, a symbol with staying power similar to that of the Christian cross. Scholars posit that they were worn and carried by the living, although by the time of the Third Intermediate Period, they had also become part of the increasingly elaborate battery of items to be placed into graves for protection of the dead.
Feline and leonine images in ancient Egyptian visual culture were very popular as several deities assumed their form. This lion may represent Maahes, a solar war god commonly referred to as "The Lord of the Massacre" who took the form of a lion. Maahes was the son of Bastet, the cat goddess of Lower Egypt, but also was the son of Sekhmet, the goddess of war in Upper Egypt who also took a feline form. It is believed that his father was Ra or Ptah. Maahes was closely linked with Nefertum and was believed to be the son of both Sekhmet and Bastet. In addition, he was known as the "Avenger of Wrongs" and the "Helper of Wise Ones" and considered to be the guardian of sacred places and the protector of the innocent.
Several other Egyptian gods were depicted as a lion. These included: Apedemak - a war god from Nubia; Arensnuphis - companion to Isis also from Nubia; twin lion gods Ruty, a name that means "pair of lions"; Shesmetet, a leonine goddess with the body of a woman but the head of a lion who is regarded as an aspect of Bastet or Sekhmet, only an older deity; and Tefnut, the goddess of moisture and daughter of Ra who is depicted as a seated woman with a lion's head.
Provenance: ex-private Orange, California, USA collection, inherited by descent from Philip Mitry, noted antiquarian in Cairo prior to 1951, when he immigrated to the US
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#160152
Condition
Intact and excellent with superb remaining detail and earthen deposits in recessed areas.