Egypt, Late Dynastic Period, 26th to 31st Dynasty, ca. 664 to 332 BCE. A hand-carved wooden mask with a curved profile and a layer of painted gesso atop the front. The face is defined by large almond-shaped eyes, a slender nose, full lips, and a rounded chin, all beneath a rounded headdress that sits low on the forehead. The back of the mask is slightly concave with several residual dowels and dowel holes visible. The surface of the obverse side is coated in a dense layer of chalky white gesso which boasts painted black and white details atop a crimson-hued ground. The sarcophagus mask was an essential component of the mummy, placed over the head to provide an idealized image of the deceased as they would be once resurrected. This mask and others like it were traditionally carved from cedar. Size: 5.9" W x 7.95" H (15 cm x 20.2 cm).
Interestingly, cedar wood was not native to Egypt. Egypt did not have verdant forests filled with tall trees, and unfortunately most of its native lumber was of relatively poor quality. Thus, they relief on importing to acquire hardwoods - ebony imported from Africa, cedar and pine from Lebanon. One fabulous obelisk inscription by Thutmose III attests to the luxury of hardwoods. It reads as follows, "They brought to me the choicest products…consisting of cedar, juniper and of meru wood…all the good sweet woods of God's Land." The rarity of cedar meant that masks like this example were reserved for those who could afford them.
Provenance: private Honolulu, Hawaii, USA collection
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#138266
Condition
Small losses to headdress, verso, peripheries, gesso, and pigmentation, with minor abrasions to obverse, reverse, and peripheries, and abrasions to some high-point areas. Light earthen deposits, nice patina, and great traces of original pigmentation throughout.