Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Sulawesi Island, Toraja people, ca. early to mid 20th century CE. A tall, wooden ancestral figure - known as a tau tau (sometimes tao tao) - with articulated arms and legs as well as a head that can be removed and/or turned. The body is carved to have an erect phallus and otherwise simple torso and limbs. The head features inlaid shell eyes, and he wears a large bronze bangle on one arm. The figure is stylized and simple in part because when originally made, it would have been dressed in clothing and even given hair. Size: 17" L x 13.5" W x 61" H (43.2 cm x 34.3 cm x 154.9 cm); 61.5" H (156.2 cm) on included custom stand.
The Toraja people live in the mountains of southern Sulawesi island, which is densely rainforested. Today most are Christian as the result of missionaries, but their traditional religion - known as "aluk to dolo", the "law of the ancestors", is still practiced with regard to funerary rituals. This includes the creation of tau tau. Traditional Toraja beliefs hold that when you die, you will remain an active member of the family, expected to bring good or bad luck, depending on how respected you are. As a result, the most important ceremony in a person's life is the funeral! Funerals are very expensive, as are burials. Prior to the 17th century, Torajans buried family members in coffins stored at the base of cliffs. Unfortunately, their graves were plundered due to easy access, and so they began to hide the graves inside niches hollowed out of the cliffs. It cost several buffalo to have a specialist hollow out a grave, and so the process could take many years depending on the wealth of the family. Tau tau like this one would then stand guard, looking down from a balcony on the rock face.
See a very similar example at the Metropolitan Museum of Art: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/316100
Provenance: private Hawaii, USA collection; purportedly acquired from Bonhams - January 29, 2005
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#144806
Condition
One foot has been repaired. Extensive weathering to wood with large fissures, notably on the back of the torso and head. There are light stains and discolorations, also the product of weathering, over much of the surface, as well as light deposits and encrustations. Overall, however, the piece is in good condition and does not feel fragile. Arms and head are removable. Inlaid shells are in nice condition.