Africa, Nigeria, Igbo, Afikpo peoples, ca. early to mid 20th century CE. A finely carved and painted Mma Ji face mask traditionally used in Okumkpa performances in the Igbo village of Afikpo of southeastern Nigeria. The form presents with a tall forehead extension, three tubular projections jutting from the face, openwork eyes, and carved geometric patterning throughout, embellished with red, black, white and brown pigments. Natural woven fiber surrounds the visage and is attached via perforations along the periphery. According to Simon Ottenberg, Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the University of Washington and former student of the famous Africanist Melville Herskovits at Northwestern University, the Mma Ji mask type is the most characteristic of the Afikpo masks. Mma Ji literally means "knife-yam" named for the machete-like form that surmounts the mask. Size: 4.75" W x 22" H (12.1 cm x 55.9 cm); 25" H (63.5 cm) on included custom stand.
Mma Ji masks like this example were created to be worn by older boys during Okumkpa performances. Okumkpa is a theatrical performance traditionally staged following the Dry Season Festival. It is not unusual for the performance to involve up to 100 masked male performers (both men and boys) all of whom sing, dance, and act a series of skits that are satirical and critical commentaries upon the lives of people living in the community. Once the performer dons the mask, he is transformed from human to spirit (mma). Masks like this example are associated with a deity of the egbele secret society; however, the spirit of the deity is not believed to reside within the mask but rather remains in the sacred bush. Instead, the mma is understood to be a manifestation of it.
Provenance: private New York, New York, USA collection; ex-Eric Robertson collection, New York, USA
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#153304
Condition
Intact and excellent with wear as shown to fiber backing due to tribal usage.