Pre-Columbian, Costa Rica, Atlantic Watershed Period V, ca. 800 to 1000 CE. Skillfully carved from volcanic stone, a magnificent male headhunter standing tall and carrying a trophy head in each arm. Gazing forward from huge, coffee bean-shaped eyes, the fearsome hunter presents a stern visage with a broad, flat nose, and full, gently parted lips, all flanked by a pair of elongated ears and capped by an incised headband and braided coiffure. His strong body exhibits wide shoulders, a round mid-section, and long, straight legs. Each arm bends at the elbow, showcasing his horrifying bounty; his right resting a trophy head at his waist and his left holding another head up at his shoulder. A broad, horizontal band of stippling encircles his torso, representing a belt or girdle, as pectorals cover his chest. Note the artist's careful attention to detail, as evident in the figure's articulated fingers and toes, delineated genitalia, risen kneecaps, and the facial features of the trophy heads! Size: 10.9" W x 18.6" H (27.7 cm x 47.2 cm)
Headhunting was a popular theme in ancient Costa Rica. Ethnographic accounts from the region tell of a tradition of taking trophy heads during warfare that dates to both before and after the Spanish Conquest. War was engaged in order to acquire resources and consolidate control by leaders much like today; however, it also had a supernatural element. The taking of the head was directly related to shamanism, as a means of protecting the community from any evil, including disease and sorcery. Furthermore, a shaman's head was most coveted, as it was believed to retain power due to the shaman's supernatural abilities to communicate with deities and ancestors.
According to the British Museum, "Central America spawned a number of independent stone sculptural traditions taking advantage of a range of volcanic material that lent itself to shaping and detailing with harder stone hammers and chisels. On Costa Rica's Nicoya peninsula, both male and female subjects are represented in a narrow range of "archetypal" poses - the women as an embodiment of feminine fertility and the men asserting their prowess as warriors."
Cf. British Museum, Am1937,1113.1 and Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University, 1991.004.034.
Provenance: private Netanya, Israel collection, acquired before 1991
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#169484
Condition
Restoration to proper left foot. Expected nicks, chips, and abrasions throughout, commensurate with age. Light softening of detail to face and heads. Otherwise, excellent with nice earthen deposits.