Pre-Columbian, West Mexico, Colima, Protoclassic period, ca. 100 BCE to 250 CE. A fabulous example of a hollow-built effigy vessel in the form of a corpulent canine. The dog rests on its rotund abdomen, holds its forepaws out to support its massive head, and has its rear legs splayed out behind the posterior and flanking an upturned conical tail. The highly-burnished figure boasts a huge head with incised circular eyes, a tapered snout with delineated nostrils, wide pointed ears, and an open mouth filled with incised teeth which doubles as the vessel's spout into which offerings were placed. Though covered in pale orange slip, traces of darker orange-red pigment are also visible in scattered areas. Size: 12.625" L x 6.25" W x 5.3" H (32.1 cm x 15.9 cm x 13.5 cm).
Scholars know of at least two types of Colima dogs, one to be fattened up and ritually sacrificed or eaten and one to serve as a watchdog and healer of the ill. This plump hairless canine known as a Chichi or Escuintla is thought to be related to the Chihuahua or Mexican Hairless also known as the Xoloitzcuintle. The Xolo dog was named for the deity Xolotl, the God of the Underworld, and believed to guide the deceased as they journeyed to the afterlife. Colima vessels such as this one were buried in shaft tombs to protect the deceased and provide sustenance for eternity.
A stylistically-similar example of a slightly-larger size hammered for 4,700 EUR ($5,310.37) at Christie's, Paris "Art Africain, Oceanien et Precolombien" auction (sale 5094, December 8, 2004, lot 389): https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/chien-colima-preclassique-environ-1-4402642-details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=4402642&sid=5713efac-cf9e-4480-bd9d-ab63137b0c4a
Provenance: private southwestern Pennsylvania, USA collection
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#144743
Condition
Minor abrasions to legs, body, and head, with fading to original pigmentation, and light encrustations within mouth, otherwise intact and excellent. Light earthen deposits, nice manganese blooms, and wide water erosion streaks throughout.