East Asia, China, Tang Dynasty, ca. 618 to 907 CE. A fantastical mold-formed pottery guardian figure known as a lokapala with a serious expression wearing elaborate armor and robes as he stands triumphantly on a recumbent ox, all adorned in vibrant sancai glazes of marigold and emerald hues. He is adorned in greaves and a split tunic skirt with billowing back panel and flared sleeves on his arms. He places his left hand on his hip, bending the arm at the elbow, as he holds up his right hand, which is clenched in a fist, likely to have previously held a weapon such as a sword. Turning slightly right, his helmeted head exhibits painted features with beady eyes beneath narrowed brows, a broad nose, high cheekbones, and fleshy lips enveloped by liberal remains of a sweeping moustache and a short goatee. Size: 7.9" W x 16.8" H (20.1 cm x 42.7 cm)
Lokapalas were demonic guardians from Buddhist tradition that were believed to protect the deceased, and often grouped in a collection of 4 tomb figures composed of a pair of lokapalas and a pair of civil officials to represent each of the cardinal directions. These figures were one of the few Buddhist themes depicted in Chinese funerary iconography. The faces of these lokapala are often painted to look like foreigners to represent the cultural exchange and spread of Buddhism from other parts of Asia. This may be Virupaksha, Guardian King of the West, both fearsome and wrathful- trampling the ox underfoot as a sign of his might.
The Tang Dynasty was a thrilling time in Chinese history, when trade flourished along the Silk Routes and unified China was the richest country on earth. Chang'an (now Xi'an) was the Tang capital, and it was one of the most cosmopolitan cities on earth, filled with foreigners who had travelled to China to trade; the influence of foreigners and talented native Chinese, combined with the economic prosperity brought on by trade and the new religion from India, Buddhism, created a powerful cultural milieu where poetry and other forms of art flourished. This figure exemplifies the foreign influences on the Tang Dynasty as it corresponds to Buddhist warrior deities that assume a mortuary role in China but also serve as protectors of Buddhist temples, known as "Protector of the Burial Vault" or "Protector of the Burial Ground."
This piece has been tested using thermoluminescence (TL) analysis and has been found to be ancient and of the period stated. A full printed and bound report is available to the buyer upon request.
Provenance: ex-Barakat Gallery, Beverly Hills, California, USA, acquired prior to 2000
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#170933
Condition
Professionally repaired with light restoration. Expected surface wear with light abrasion and some minor nicks. Otherwise, excellent with impressive remining pigments and detail. TL holes to proper left underside of base and verso of figure's neck.