East Asia, China, Tang Dynasty, ca. 618 to 907 CE. A finely mold-made and modeled terracotta horse and rider, beautifully painted with white, black, and red pigments, the rider dressed in an elaborate costume and playing a large flute or wind instrument of the aerophone (reedless) variety. Note how the sculptor delineated the details of the rider's form and clothing as well as the muscular body of the noble steed. During the Tang dynasty, the ancients placed such model figures in tombs to ensure a safe journey to the afterlife. Size: 9" L x 3.625" W x 12.4" H (22.9 cm x 9.2 cm x 31.5 cm)
Who can say enough about the influence of the horse throughout the history of China! The horse played a significant role in the unification of the Chinese Empire, as this animal enabled the ancients to communicate to parties near and far due to the great speed of these noble steeds. The horse also assisted the military to conquer distant lands and grow the empire. As the desire for stronger, faster breeds grew, the ancients imported horses from Central Asia, leading to the creation of the famous Silk Road.
The horse grew very significant during the expansion of the Tang golden age. This impressive charger served as both a symbol of imperial stability that engendered bountiful trade and prosperity for the expanding empire and the reward of military exploits to the west. The most cherished horses were raised in the western kingdom of Ferghana and known as "blood-sweating horses." These were delivered as tribute to the reigning emperor. In general, for the ancient Chinese, horses were a sign of wealth.
Tomb attendants like this one are part of a class of artifacts called mingqi - sometimes known as "spirit utensils" or "vessels for ghosts". They became popular in the Han Dynasty and would persist for several centuries. Alongside figures like this one were musicians, athletes, animals, and special structures. Even though they were mass produced, mingqi often show a high level of detail and naturalism. These were designed to assist the po, the part of the soul of the deceased that remained underground with the body while the hun, the other part of the soul, ascended. Caring for the po seems to have taken on a new level of meaning in the Han period, with more elaborate rituals and tomb construction arising.
Provenance: ex Estate of Eldert Bontekoe, Pegasi Numismatics, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA acquired before 2000
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#159251
Condition
Repairs to all four horse legs, with restoration to right arm of rider and both horse ears, with resurfacing, overpainting, and some earthen material along new material and break lines. Abrasions and nicks to rider, horse, and platform, with fading to original pigment in some areas, and some encrustations. Nice remains of original pigment throughout.