East Asia, China, Ming Dynasty, ca. 1368 to 1644 CE. An exceptionally powerful example of a stucco head of a luohan or arhat - one of the 18 original followers of Gautama Buddha who have followed the Noble Eightfold Path and attained the 4 stages of enlightenment - with an evocative visage comprised of bulging eyes, a strong nose, a furrowed brow, pouted lips, and a cleft chin. Fleshy folds of skin with pouches beneath the eyes and raised cheek bones add an air of naturalism to his sorrowful countenance, which is flanked by large ears with elongated lobes symbolizing his deep spirituality. Hand-painted in lifelike colors, the furrowed brow of this solemn yet worried visage suggest he is currently partaking in scriptural debate. Size: 9.2" W x 10" H (23.4 cm x 25.4 cm); 14.5" H (36.8 cm) on included custom stand.
Luohans were commanded by Buddha to await the coming of Maitreya, the Future Buddha. This promise of salvation held great appeal to Chinese Buddhists during this time, for they had just been through a period of great persecution, and a cult built around the Luohans as guardians was gaining momentum. Luohans had escaped the endless cycle of death and rebirth in Buddhist teachings. They chose to remain in this world to spread the Buddha's message. This sculpture and many like it would have adorned the great Buddhist cave temples, hewn from the mountains of Northern and Central China. These caves were vandalized at various periods so many sculptures only survive as fragments.
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Provenance: private Vero Beach, Florida, USA collection, acquired in England in the 1970s; ex-old English collection
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#118546
Condition
Fragment of a larger piece with professional restoration to earlobes and tip of nose. Expected surface fissures with small areas of loss to lacquer, as well as some minor abrasions, all commensurate with age. Fading to pigment on top of head. Otherwise, excellent and nicely preserved with vibrant pigments on face.